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The Celebrated Triumph. 



^jovztmXzA und ^owtXzd. 



A. H. Andrews & Go's 



Illustrated Catalogue of 



School Merchandise. 



Also Plans, Specifications and Estimates for 
the Construction, Heating and Venti- 
lation of Modern School 
I Houses. 






Manufacturers!^^ 



195 & 197 Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Ills. 



/>lXi 



Index. 



:i 



PAGE. 



Affidavit on Seat Hinge, . • 3^ 

Awards for School Desks, . • 7-^ 

Ages of pupils to correspond with Desks, 15 

Aids to School Discipline, ■ =4 

Apparatus, general remarks, . 4» 
Andrews' Anatomical Charts, . 09-92 

Arithmetical Solids, . • 10+ 

Air Pump, etc., ... no 

Ball and Groove Hinge Support, 30 

Bells, . ■,.-.,■ • '2^ 

Blackboard Eraser, (Magic,) . 74 

Blackboards, ■ , • , ' • ^ 

Book Rest and Study Desk, . 27 
Blanks, etc., • • • .105 

Bracket Globes, . • . • 54 

Botanical Charts, • • . ■ 107 

Books, . • • • '26 

Blackboards, Importance of . 73 

Blackboard Instruments, . . "7 
Bells for Churches, (see Blymyer's Adv'mt.) 

Catalogues, . • ' " c^ 

Camp's Maps, ... 07 

Call Bells io9 

Celestial Sphere, - . • "S 

Compasses, Magnetic, . . 1 10 

Charts, Natural History, . . 92 

Chart of Geographical Illustrations, . 67 
Charts, Anatomical, . . .69 

Crayons, Alpha, . . • 7S 

Crayons, Colored, • * • '^^ 

Cravon Holders, ... 7° 

Crayon Compasses, ... 7° 

Charts, Phylosophical, . . 93 
Charts, Solar System, . . .95 

Charts of Writing, ... 95 
Charts, Willson <te Calkins' . .107 

Charts, Botanical, ... 107 

Conic Sections, . . • 102 
Clocks for Schools, etc. . . 119-123 

Compound Microscopes, . . 113 
Cow perth wait & Co. (see advt'mt.) 

Dimensions of Study Desk, . . 31 

Dimensions of Triumph^ JJesk, . iS 

Dovetailing Method, . . 9 10 
Dowel, Steel, . . . .11 

Drawing Book, Slate, . 79 

Drawing Models, . . . 9*5-97 

Dumb Bells, Wood, . . 124 

Envelopes, . . . . 126 

Estell's Programme Clock, . . 121 

Easel for Blackboards, . 7° 

Eraser, Dustless, (colored illustration,) 74^ 

Fastenings, Foot and Floor, . . 13 

Features of Triumph Desk, . . 14 

Folding Lid Desk, ... 25 

Foot Rest, Adjustable, . . >3 

Floor Fastenings. . . . 13 

Folding Lid— advantages, . . 2S 
Folding Beds, (see advertisement.) 

Geometrical Forms, . . . 103 

Globes, . . . . 50-59 

Globes, their Manufacture, . • 51 

Globe Case, ... • 59 
Gong Bells, . . . .110 

Gymnastic Apparatus, . . 124 

Geographical Illustrations, . . 67 

Hand Bells, . . . no 
Health Lift, . . .124 
Hardware, (see advertisement.) 

Hinges, Noiseless, . . 35'3'5 
Heiters, etc. (see Fuller, Warren & Co's 

advertisement.) 

Ink, ..... S2 

Ink Wells, .... 34 

Interior of Modem School House, . 40 

Johnston's School Maps, . . 85 

Kindergarten, • * " ' o 

Kindergarten Slates, . . • 7° 

Letter Paper, ... 126 

Lid Support (patent) . • 33 

Library Globes, . ■ • 52-53 



Liquid Slating for Blackboards, 

Lunar 'I ellurian, 

Magnifing- Glasses, 

Mailing Goods, 

Maps, Reference, 

Maps, Outline, 

MacVicar Tellurian Globe, 

Merit Cards, 

Mottoes for School Rooms, 

Microscopes, .... 

Mineralogy, .... 

Micrography, 

Magnetic Compasses, 

Map Puzzle, .... 

Mathematical Instruments, 

Miscellaneous, . _ . 

Maps of Foreign Countries, 

Minerals and Shells, 

Mats for Doors, etc. 

Natural History Charts, 

Noiseless Slates, 

Normal or Collegiate Desk, 

Numeral Frames, 

Object Teaching Forms, 

Ordering Goods, 

Orrery, Brass, 

Pencils, Slate, 

Pencils, Lead, 

Placing Desks, 

Planisphere, Whitall's, 

Pointers, Blackboard, 

Principal's Desks, 

Prisms, .... 

Puzzle Map, .... 

Philosophical Charts, Johnson's, 

Paper, Writing, 

Pocket Maps, 

Plans and Specifications of School 

Houses, 
Registering Parcels, etc. 
Recitation Seats, 
Remittances, 
Rings, Swinging, 
Remarks to Purchasers, 
Rulers, . . . • 

Records and Blanks, 

Red Line Series, 

Remarks to Educators, 

Rewards of Merit, 

RiiUroad Map, 

Rock Island R. R. (see advertisement.) 

School Days and School Houses, 

Slates, .... 

Slate Pencils, 

Seat Hinge, [patent] 

Shipping Goods, 

Slated Globes, 

Slated Cloth and Paper, 

Study Desk, 

Slate Washers, 

Swivel Chairs, 

Slate Erasers, 

Solids, _. . . • 

Slating Liquid, 

Stone Slate, 

Slate Drawing Book, 

Spencerian Writing, 

Specimens of Minerals, etc. 

Testimonials of Study Desk, 

Testimonials of Triumph Desk, 

Triumph School Desk, 

Triumph Box Desk, 

Teacher's Desks, 

Teacher's Chairs, 

Tellurian, Geared, 

Thermometers, 

Testimony of Folding Desks, 

Webb's First Lessons, 

Woods, Natural Color, 

Willson & Calkins' Chart, 

Webster's Dictionaries, [see advertisement.] 



71 
62-64 
112 
6 
99 
85 
60 

84 
83 



"3 

116 

99 

117 

126 

86-127 

128 

128 

92 

77 

33 

102 

100 

6 

fs 

82 
116 
48 
88 
74 
42 
116 
99 
93 
126 
127 

129-157 

5 

37 

5 

124 

S 
82 

loS 

105 

6 

84 
128 

45 

R 
35 

6 

59 
72 

25 

126 

44 
126 
100 

71 

P 
79-81 

9S 
128 

31 
16 

7-12 

32 
38-42 

116 
12s 

98 
106 

107 



Remarks. 

We are prepared to fill orders for all kinds of School Supplies. 

Great care should be taken in sending orders ; the full name and 
address should be specified, and the name of Town, County and State 
legibly written. If goods, like School Furniture, are ordered by 
freight, let us know what road or route is preferred. School Desks 
are shipped " knock down " unless otherwise specified, as this saves 
expense in freights. 

Parties in want of School Desks, etc., should by all means order 
as long beforehand as possible. As the time approaches for opening 
the fall or winter school sessions, we are liable to be flooded with 
orders, such is the demand for our desks. Hence, those who must 
have their goods by a certain date, should order a few weeks in ad- 
vance when possible. 

Remittances may be made by Express, prepaid ; by Registered 
Letter, Money Order on Chicago, or Bank Draft on Chicago or New 
York. 

When goods are ordered to be sent oy mail, sufficient money or 
stamps should be sent to prepay postage. 

Parcels, by mail, can now be registered at a cost of ten cents extra 
on each parcel, which precaution will insure a safe delivery. We can 
not be responsible for the safe delivery of any goods sent by mail. 

Merchandise in parcels weighing four pounds or under, and less 
than 4 feet long, can be transmitted through the mails at the rate of 
one cent per ounce. Books, pamphlets, circulars, etc., can be sent at 
the rate of one cent for two ounces, or a fractional part thereof, but 
no writing of any kind is permitted by the post-office authorities to 
be enclosed. 

The Kindergarten Department being entirely separate, has a 
separate catalogue mailed free to Kindergarteners; to others, for lo 
cents. 

Duplicates of this Catalogue will be furnished for twenty cents 
each. 



Copyright by 

A. H. ANDREWS & CO. 

1881. 



To the Educational Public. 



We take pleasure in presenting the most complete Catalogue of 
School Material ever offered, having sj^ared neither time nor 
expense in its preparation. 

Many of the engravings are entirely new and original, covering 
numerous articles hitherto omitted in catalogues of like character. 

It is of the utmost importance that those charged with responsi- 
bility as instructors be supplied with every possible facility, such as 
apparatus to assist in ilhisU-ating and imfi'essing their instruction. 

Equally important it is that everything which contributes to the 
cheerfulness and comfort of the school- room — where so much time 
and effort are expended in acquiring knowledge and mental discipline — 
should be of the very best quality and comprise the latest improvements 
to be obtained, thereby producing the largest and most valuable results, 
making study and instruction less of a task and more of a pleasure. 

It will be our aim and purpose to supply every possible want in 
connection with educational requirements — from the Kindergarten to 
the University — by producing, perfecting, and adding to our stock of 
school furniture and apparatus the many improvements designed to 
render the training of the mental faculties more thorough, expeditious 
and. agreeable, both to teacher and pupil, and as rapidly as their adapta- 
tion to the purpose will warrant. 

Our facilities are unequaled, and we are prepared at all times to 
offer the most favorable inducements not only to the trade buying in 
large quantities, but to the school or college needing a single article. 

All orders and correspondence will receive our prompt attention, 
and estimates will be carefully made, when desired. 

N. B. — We have presented, in connection with our Catalogue, 
a feature which will give the volume a decidedly permanent value, viz. : 
Plans and Specifications for building School Houses. This part in 
condensed type, occupying 30 pages, is placed at the close of the book. 

A. H. Andrews & Co., 

195 and 197 Wabash Ave., Chicago. 



CO 


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This School Desk was Awarded the Highest Premium 



— AT THE — 



D. S. Centennial Exhibition 

" Strength, Durability and Good Form." 

Also at the Paris Exposition of 1878 ; and was the only 

Folding Seat Desk that received Special 

Mention at either. 



The Patent " Triumph" School Desk, 

WITH FOLDING SEAT, IS 

j 
Constructed on the Improved Method of Douetailing Wood and Iron i 

together, and inserting continuous Steel Dowels. It has Noise- 
less Seat Hinges with patent steel, tempered, spring washers, 
making this desk without a rival. \ 



Purchasers of School Furniture will find the Patent Dovetailed 
" Triumph " Desk the most perfect in its proportions, and much the 

strongest and most durable School Desk made. The seat and back ! 

j 

are so curved as to enable the pupil to maintain an erect and healthful 



Catalogue of School Merchandise, 



posture, and to perform his work with an ease and comfort unknown 
in the use of chair desks,, or even in most of the folding-seat desks. 
By our improved method of construction — the dovetail process, and 
the use of steel wire rods inserted into the slats like continuous dowels, 
(see cut of desk in process of setting up) — we obtain a degree of firm- 
ness, strength and durability that is not to be equaled or approached 
by any other method, and which 7nore than doubles the value of our 
desks over those put together in any other way. 

The "Triumph" Method of Dovetailing. 





Cat UTo. 1. Cut ]¥o. 3. 

In the first cut, N represents the dovetail portion of a section of 
the iron frame, and B, C, D, the section of a slat showing the form of 
the groove — both on a reduced scale. The second cut shows the two 
united. The slat thus secured can never come off' nor grow loose^ and 
is independent of any third piece (a screw) in its union zvith the iron 
— a fact of vast importance and worthy of great consideration. By 
no other method can a perfect union of the parts be obtained. The 
agency of a third ox uniting part (as screw, bolt, nut, wedge, etc.,) is. 
an element of weakness in itself, developing immediately on use and 
constantly increasing by continued strain, caused by the natural and 
proper motions of the pupil. As a screws is nothing but a piece of 
wire — better than a nail it is true — the infinite superiority of the 
dovetail mode, will be seen at once by a practical mechanic ! 

The dovetail portion, N, of the iron frame forms a continuous 
"rib" or "backbone" to the entire casting, and being in shape on the 
principle of the "T" rail, thereby itiore than doubles its strength. It 
also penetrates the wood in an unbroken and continuous line the entire 
width of the top, back and seat. This dovetail part of the iron, N, is 
one-half inch wide on its face, and in length is from thirty to forty 
inches, according to the size of the desk. The small screws used in 
the ordinary method, by other manufacturers, are driven into the wood 
at various points and irregular intervals, and depend entirely on their 
narrow thread. Their combined thickness, if placed side by side, 
would not exceed five to six inches, and, in contrast with the length of 
the dovetail rib or tongue, shows at a glance the immense superiority 
and advantage of the latter. 



A. II. Auflreu's <£■ Co., Chicago. 



The flanged portion of the iron frame, marked E, is wider than 
the face of most of the ordinary flat screw castings and forms a solid 
bearing and brace for the wood, allowing no motion whatever of the 
dovetailed rib, N, in its groove, C, in the wood. In the ordinary 
screw-fastened desks, the whole iron frame is greatly zveakened by 
being bored f till of holes for the screxvs. 

In order that this method of joining wood and iron used in the 
construction of the " Triumph " Desk mav be made perfectly clear, 
we have prepared the following cut, representing full-sized sections of 
the wooden slat and the iron frame as they ajDpear when united. 




The Combined Dovetail and Flange Fastening. 

In the above illustration A represents a section of a slat, with a 
dovetail-shaped groove; B, a section of the iron standard, or "casting," 
to which the slats are fastened; C, the dovetail portion of the casting, 
fitting into the groove of the slats; D, D, the flanges of the casting, 
against which the flat side of the slat is supported; E, E, the points of 
the slat by which the dovetail of the castings holds it in place. 

The slats are grooved a little deeper than the dovetails penetrate, 
and when driven on the castings, they press firmly upon the flanges D,D, 
and the two opposite faces of the dovetail. The flanges of the casting 
furnish a solid bearing and brace for the slats, supporting and strength- 
ening the sharp points E, E, so that it is impossible for them to give 
way or become weakened. The combination of these flanges with the 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



dovetail fnore than doubles the strength and Jirmness of the dovetail 
alone j and, as wood does not shrink endwise, the slats thtis secured 
never get loose but grow tightor^ ^OY, the slats if they shrink at all, 
must shrink towards the center, thus pinching the beveled sides of the 
iron as if in a vise. This principle is shown in an iron pin driven into 
an auger hole in green wood — it holds tighter as the wood dries. 




The Continuous Dowel. 



Section of the Continuous Wire Dowel. 

The Continuous Wire Dowels. Two of these steel wire 

dowels are used in the construction of each desk; one extending 
through the centre, down the entire width of the back, and another 
across the entire width of the seat. They 
insure an even surface of the slats, and ef- 
fectually prevent them from warping, 
springing, or creaking. In order to pre- 
serve an even surface of the seat and back, 
these dowels are an absolute necessity in 
both single and double desks. This is es- 
pecially true of the latter, the slats of 

which, owing to their greater length, have a corresponding tendency 
to spring and warp. 

These dowels bind firmly together all the slats in the seat, and all 
in the back, and, in connection with the combined dovetail and flange 
fastening, give the desk the same stiffness and firmness that it would 
have if each of these sections were made of oiie solid board. 

Superiority of the " TRIUMPH " Desk over Screwed Fur- 
niture. With Screwed Furniture — no matter how firm it may ap- 
pear when new — the slats soon grow loose from the motions of the 
pupils, in using, leaving and returning to the desk, and from the inevita- 
ble shrinking of the wood and the gradual loosening of the screws. 
This necessitates frequent and expensive repairs. This weakness 
(which becomes decidedly manifest in one or two years, if not in a few 
months' time) grows worse and worse, until such desks beconie so shaky 
in every joint as to be unfit for further use. But the " Triumph " 
Desk will alzvays remain perfectly firm; for the shrinking of the 
wood, instead of injuring it, causes the slats to grasp the dovetails of 
the iron frames more tightly and actually increases its firmness. It 

is the only desk so constructed as to endure constant use 
without repairs, and remain perfectly firm till the iron and 
the wood of which it is made are actually worn out. That 
this desk will do this we absolutely guarantee. 



A. H. Andrews & Co., Cliicago. 




The "Triumph" Desk. 

(In process of setting up.) 

The external appeapance may be similar, as we know that 

other desks are offered for sale having much the same general appear- 
ance as the " Triumph," but they are all put together by methods that 
lack the vital elements of enduring strength and firmness^ which ren- 
der the Dovetailed Triumph Desk w^ell nigh indestructible by ordin- 
ary wear or tear. It is a fact past argument, that the dovetail method 
of uniting the iron and the w^ood is vastly suferior to the best work 
IV hie h can be done in any other manner. 

The evidence that is coming in, almost every day from School 
Committees and Teachers, is abundant and conclusive, showing that 
desks not dovetailed require early and freqtient repairs j while the 
Triumph Desks, that have been in use for the same length of time, 
and in many instances two or three times as long, are invariably found 
to be as Jirni and in as good conditio7i as zvhen Jirst set up. 

The early giving out of screwed desks has compelled the manu- 
facturers of that description of furniture to resort to various devices, 
such as imbedding the irons in slots, increasing the -width of the slats, 
gluing them together, etc., vainly endeavoring to remedy the serious 
defects to which we have referred. Other devices, calculated to divert 
attention from the real difficulty, are, substituting Wooden Legs and 
ExDsybr the iron frames of the desk, and atte?npting to inspire con- 
fdence in the doubly iveak and short-lived experiment, by promising 
to ivarrant it for fve years, also, cutting partial or half dovetails, and 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



13 



filling up the loose joint with nuts of iron, wooden wedges, etc. All 
these experiments are virtually confessions of the inherent -weakness 
of screwed furniture, which the patentees of the Triumph Desk de- 
tected long" ctg-o^ and avoided by the only successftd method yet devised. 
Each and every one of these experimenters has confidently assured 
his customers for many years that " the screw is the only safe and sure 
thing." They find the facts to be against them, and now constantly 
ask you to buy and pay for their new and untested experiments. 

The " Triumph " Noiseless Seat Hing-es. These hinges are 

furnished with Andrews' Patent Steel Spring Washers, which effectu- 
ally hold the seat in any position, so that they cartnot fall down by their 
own weight and make a tioise. They have no rubber cushions to ^vear 
out, and no nuts to wear loose, nor is any part liable to get out of order. 
Every teacher who knows from experience how soon the seat hinges 
in other desks become noisy will appreciate these advantages. 

Experiments made in May, 1875, testing by machinery the wear- 
ing capacity of our seat hinges, prove that after being subjected to a 
service equal to more than fifty years of ordinary use in the school- 
room, they remained absolutely yree from all rattle when raised and 
lowered in the usual manner. (See description, page 35.) 




Adjustable Foot-Rest and Brace. 

The " Triumph " Foot-Rest and Brace. This foot-rest may 

be placed in either of three positions, and can be changed at any time 
in a moment, to accommodate pupils of different height. It is secured 
to the cross-bars of the iron standards by bolts entering iron nuts in- 
serted in the sockets near the ends of the foot-rest, as shown in the 
cut. It thus becomes a very stiff brace. 




Foot and Floor Fastenings. 

The " Triumph " Foot. In fastening the desks to the floor the 
screws are inserted obliquely, as shown in the cut, which gives them a 
much greater resisting power than if set perpendicularly. 



14 A. H. Andrews tS; Co. Chicago. 



The "Triumph" Desk has been used in thousands of school-rooms, 
and proved to fully sustain all the claims made for it. It was first in- 
troduced to the public in 1870. It was improved and perfected in 1875. 
It received the only award for "strength, durability and good form," 
at the Centennial Exhibition, Philadelphia, 1876, and the Paris Expo- 
sition, in 1878, and was the only desk receiving special mention! 

It is best liked where it has been longest used. 

We offer this furniture upon its merit, and challenge the wor/d 
to produce anything so nearly perfect. 



Important Features of the "Triumph" Desk. 

1. It is unequaled for convenience and comfort ., enabling the pupil 
to perform his work with the least amount of fatigue, while it is 
stronger and will last longer than any other desk ever made! 

2. The iro)i standards are not weakened by being bored full of 
screw holes, and are fifty per cent, heavier and stronger than their 
appearance indicates, as the dovetail portions are concealed in the 
wood. It must be obvious to all, that the dovetail shape vastly in- 
creases their strength over flat castings. 

3. It has a noiseless seat-hinge, with no rubber cushions to wear 
out and cause it to rattle, and no wear on the bolt. 

4. It has an adjustable /b^Z-re^z' that may be placed in any one of 
three positions, to accommodate pupils of different height or length of 
limb. This is an inestimable benefit to the pupil, both in health and 
comfort, and effectually stops the noise caused by scraping feet upon 
the floor. 

5. All sizes but the smallest two are supplied with Andrews' 
Patent JVon- Corrosive Ink Wells — the very best ever invented. The 
ink-well is perfectly firm in its place, so that if a book strikes the 
glass underneath, the ink is not slopped out, and, at the same time, the 
glass can be instantly removed for filling or washing. The ink-well 
cover is set into the desk in such a way that its top is even with the 
top of the desk. 

6. This desk is the perfection of beauty and elegance, in sym- 
metry of form and style of finish. Hard woods are used exclusively — 
such as are of fine grain and suitable for durability, smoothness, beauty, 
and strength. Ash or other woods furnished if preferred. 

7. Tivo of the Triumph Desks can be set up as quickly as one 
of any desks put together with screws. 

8. We are obliged to put superior ivork into these desks. The 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



IS 



castings must be true, the wood must be carefully and accurately 
grooved and fitted, and every part of the work must be done in the 
most perfect manner. No such accuracy is required in making screwed 
desks, and no such thoroughness of result can be obtained. 

The leading features of this desk are controlled by ten patents. 




The "Triumph" Set up in the School-Room. 

i;^^ Always place desks of the same size only in each row from front to rear. 
DIMENSIONS OF THE "TRIUMPH" DESK. 



Single Desks for One Pupil. 

No. I, Normal 

" 2, High School 

" 3, Grammar 

" 4, First Intermediate 

" 5, Second " 

" 6, Primary 



Double Desks for Two Pupils. 

No. I, Normal 

" 2, High School 

" 3, Grammar 

" 4, First Intermediate 
" 5, Second " 
" 6, Primary 



24111. 
24in, 
24111, 
21 in, 
i8in 
i8in. 



42 in 
42 in 
42 in. 
42 in. 
36 in. 
36in. 






}4- in 



16 in 
15 in 
14 in 
13 in 
12 in 
loi/ in 













■fc 


^^0 

30 in. 


■^ 


Wi^ 


13 in. 


34X in. 


28^ in. 


13 in. 


34 in. 


26^ in. 


12 in. 


32 in. 


24^ in. 


loj^f in. 


30 in. 


22>^ in. 


9^4 in- 


27 in. 


2oy2, in. 


9 in. 


25 in. 


30 in. 


13 in. 


34X in- 


28V in. 


13 in. 


34 in- 


26^ in. 


12 in. 


32 in. 


24^ in. 


1034;' in. 


30 in. 


22>4 in. 


9^ in. 


27 in. 


20;^ in. 


9 in. 


25 in. 



Ag^e Accommo- 
dated. 



Adults. 

16 to 20 years. 

12 to 16 " 

ID to 13 " 
8 to II " 
5 to 9 " 
Rear Seats. 



Adults. 

16 to 20 years. 

12 to 16 " 

10 to 13 " 
8 to II " 
5 to 9 " 
Rear Seats. 



Rear seats to each size, one-half the above widths. 
JI^^ Please notice that our No. i is for Normal Schools and that 
our No. 2 is the largest seat required in Common Schools. 

Floor Space. — No allowance made for aisles. Widths may be 
reduced one or more inches, if necessary, to economize space. 



Lowest point of curve. 



t Lowest side next to the scholar. 



1 6 A. S. Andrews & Co., Chicago. 



Triumphant Testimony. 



WERE we to publish all the letters that come to us speaking 
words in praise of the Triumph Desk, it would make a book 
too large for you to read and too expensive to send by mail. Some 
parties are better able to judge of a good desk than others, because 
of their greater experience and knowledge of the respective merits 
of the many different kinds in the market. The statements of such 
we giue. What is a man's opinion of reapers worth if he never have 
seen but one kind ? Unlike some other parties engaged in this 
business, we will not ask you to read the opinions of obscure, unknown 
parties who have little means of knowing whereof they speak. Most 
of the following letters are unsolicited ; the others came in response 
to the following, which we sent to some of our well known customers : 

Dear Sir : 

By return mail, will you have the kindness to advise us to 
what extent your Board have bought school furniture from us ; about 
how much it has been used, and whether it has proved to be satisfac- 
tory. We claim to have the best fastening — the dovetail — and the 
best seat hinge. What is your experience ? 
Yours truly, 

A. H. Andrews & Co. 

Wisconsin State Normal School, Oshkosh. 

OsHKOSH, Wis. — Having used School Furniture of your manufacture during 
the last ten years, I feel warranted in considering it superior inform and fifit's/i to 
any other furniture used in schools under my supervision. In four different pur- 
chases, your furniture has been examined side by side with other leading manu- 
facturers', and, after full examination adjudged the best. 

G. S. ALBEE, Presf. State Normal School. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



17 



Kansas State Normal School. 

Emporia, Kan., March ist, 1881. 
A. H. Andrews & Co. 

Gentlemen : During the year 18S0 the Board of Regents contracted with 
you to make, and set up in the State Normal School Building, nearly three 
thousand dollars worth of school furniture. I am directed by the unanimous 
vote of the Board to express to you their entire satisfaction with the quality of 
the goods furnished. The promptness and faithfulness with which you com- 
plied with your agreemeent with them in the most minute particulars, was and 
Is exceedingly gratifying. I am further authorized to say that every member of 
the faculty shares in these words of approval. 

Very respectfullj-, 

J. J. WRIGHT, 
Sec. Board of Regents State Normal School. 

$7,000 Worth Stands Steam Heat and Hard Usage Eight Years, 

and Still Good. 

Southern Illinois Normal University. 

Carbondale, III., March 21st, 1881. 
A. H. Andrews & Co., Chicago, Illinois, 

Gentlemen : Yours of nth inst. to hand. In answer, would say that in 1873 
our Normal Trustees bought over $7,000 worth of your desks for the Southern 
Illinois Normal University. The desks have been in constant use since then and 
are still in good condition. Some have been broken by rough students (not more 
than could have been expected.) The building is heated by steam which you 
know IS a severe test of merit. Our occasional purchases of you since, is a proot 
that we shall continue to do so as we need furniture. 

Yours truly, 
JAMES ROBARTS, Sec. Board of Trustees. 

(Our casting's of to-day are 30 per cent heavier, and our desks 50 per cent better than they 
were seven and eig-ht years ago.) 

Minnesota State Normal School. 

St. Cloud, Minn., Feb. 25th, 1881. 
A. H. Andrews & Co. 

Sirs : The seats furnished by you for our school have been now in use seven 
years and to our entire satisfaction. They are both durable and convenient ; 
with such improvements as you would naturally make from time to time, I am 
confident that your seats will give satisfaction. 

Yours truly, D. L. KIEHLE, Principal. 



" The Steel Washer is a Success." Firm and Rigid After 
Eight Years' Use. 

Sycamore, 111., Aug. 7th, 1S80. 
A. H. Andrews & Co. 

Getitletnen : At the request of your Mr. Gross, I have made a personal 
examination of the furniture purchased of you at various times during the last 
seven or eight years. All the desks are firm and rigid ; the desks having the steel 



A, H. Andretvs <& Co., CJiicago. 



washers are in as good condition as when first purchased. In one room of 54 
desks bought in 1876, I examined every seat hinge and compared them with those 
bought last winter, the former after four years use are in as good condition as 
those that have been used but one term. The spring washer is a success, it has 
lasting qualities that I have not found in other desks. We have several hundred 
seats of vour make besides tliose just ordered, and as I remember, but one break- 
age has occured to date, and that was by reason of an accident, and not by legiti- 
mate school use. 

I trust that there will be no delay in the shipment of seats ordered. 
Yours truly, 
A. J. BLANCHARD, Supi. Schools, Sycamore, III. 

Far Superior to any other. Always Furnished Just What 

You Agreed. 

Engi^ewood, (near Chicago,) Jan. 27th, 1879. 
Gentlemen : Your dovetail School Desks are so well known that it seems 
unnecessary to say, that they prove in use entirely satisfactory. We have eleven 
school buildings in the district, containing about sixty rooms. The furniture has 
been purchased from time to time of various companies. The furniture furnished 
by you is far superior to any other we have, both in durability and finish. Your 
desks have required little or no repairs; while some of the other kinds have given 
us considerable trouble. We are pleased to say you have always furnished us just 
what you agreed to. Respectfully yours, 

Board of Education, District No. 2 ; T. 38 ; R. 14. 
Per F. L. KIMMEY, Secretary. 

It has Given the Highest Satisfaction. 

Minneapolis, Minn., March 9th, 1S81. 
A. H. Andrews & Co. 

Gentlemen : The Triumph School Desk manufactured by you has long been 
familiar to our schools. It gives nie pleasure to say, and I do so without qualifi- 
cation, that it is the best desk that has come under my observation. It has given 
us the highest satisfaction. Yours truly, 

O. V. TOUSLEY, Supt. City Schools. 



2000 in Use, Never Known One to Get Out of Order. 

Canton, O., June 9th, 1S79. 
Mr. J. G. Jackson, Otsego, Ohio, 

Dear Sir : Yours of the 3d inst. I have received and contents noted. I 
have been a member of the Board of Education of the Canton Union Schools for 
twelve years. I have been on the Repair Committee ever since, in the Board. 
We have had the "Triumph" in use 8 or 9 years, and have never known one to 
get out of order ; we have about 2000 in use and like them very much. 

Respectfully yours, JOHN SCHILLING. 

(The above is Mr. Schilling's reply to Mr. Jackson, of Canton, who asks for information con- 
cerning- our desks.) 



Catalogue of School MercharuUse. 



19 



Choose It on Account of Its Hing-es. 

Bellefontaine, O., June 4th, 1S79. 
J. G. Jacksox, Esq. 

Dear Sir : We have used the Triumph Desk about one year, having seated 
our new school house with it, and we sent an order for more a few weeks ago ; 
we think it as durable as any, while we choose it on account of its hinges, which 
are noiseless, and cannot be pat out of order bj boys' knives or by any efforts of 
theirs. Yours truly, G. L. KALB. 

Thirty Rooms Furnished with Various Desks. The Triumph 
the Best of Them All. 

Tiffin, Ohio, June 4th, 1879. 
Mr. Jno. G. Jackson. 

Dear Sir : Your favor of the 2d inst. came to- hand to-day. We have in 
this city nearly thirty school rooms and recitation rooms, all furnished with 
modern school furniture. I consider the Triumph desk the best we have and the 
best manufactured. Two years ago this desk was first shown to our Board of Educa- 
tion, and they purchased a bill of desks through Mr. D. P. Reamer, the agent. 
Last fall there was a strong competition when desks were to be bought, several 
agents being here with their desks, but our Board have bought no other desks 
since buying the first Triumph. I am well pleased with them in the school room 
and I believe you will not be as well pleased with any other desk as with that. 

Yours truly, 

■ B. B. HALL, Supt. Tiffin Schools. 

Not a Dollar for Repairs. 

Washington, III., Feb. 1S81. 
Gents: Yours just received. When we built our new school house, over 
five years ago, we bought over $1,600 worth of furniture from you; it has proved 
satisfactory in every particular, we have not spent a dollar for repairs, and the 
furniture is in good shape yet. We think the furniture perfect; our building is 
heated by steam, which makes it hard on furniture, and if it Avas not No. i would 
fall to pieces. Yours respt'y, 

BEN TOBIAS. 

Experience Has Confirmed Our Opinion. 

Alton, III., March 8, 1881. 
Dear Sir: I will say in reply to j'ours of 26th ult., that after a careful exam- 
ination of all the leading school desks, we selected the Triumph, manufactured 
by A. H. Andrews & Co., believing it tobe the superior of all others in strength, 
shape, and construction, and that several years' use of them confirm us in our 
opinion. Yours truly, 

F. H. FERGUSON, Sec'y. 



QuiNCY, III., Feb. 16, 1881. 
Dear Sir : The Board of Education of this city have from time to time 
during the past ten or twelve years purchased school furniture in large and small 
quantities from A. H. Andrews & Co., Chicago, 111., and in every respect the 



A. H. Andrews t€- Co., CJiicago. 



Board have been well satisfied with the quality and finish of the work. Desks 
and seats purchased ten years ago, and in constant use since then, are apparently 
as good now as when first used. During all this time the firm has done all that 
we could have desired ot them. Yours truly. 

T. W. MACFALL, Sti^. 

Seven Hundred in Use— Everybody Satisfied. 

Keokuk, Iowa, Feb., 21, 1881. 
A. H. Andrews & Co. 

Gentlemen: In the fall of 1873, we bought 100 primarj' desks. In January 
1874, 4°^ desks of all sizes, seating our new first ward school entire. In Septem- 
ber, 60 new No. 4, for use in Torrence school; in 1878, 120 for use in our High 
school. Over 400 of these desks have been in use for 7 years and are in good 
condition, and have been entirely satisfactory to the Board of Education, Teach- 
ers and Pupils. I hope to have 150 more in our schools by September, 1881. 

Very truly, 

W. W. JAMIESON, Sec'y and Suft. 

Continued Patronage the Strongest Evidence. 

Portage, Wis., Feb. 22, 1881. 
Gentlemen : Our dealings with your house have extended over a period of 
eight or nine vears, and our purchases of you aggregate in the neighborhood of 
$2,000. The desks are all in good condition, and are highly satisfactory in every 
particular ; of this, our continued patronage is the strongest evidence. All broken 
or defective castings have been cheerfully duplicated whenever application has 
been made on that score. My business relations with your house in the capacity 
of school officer, have been most agreeable, and for straight forward business-like 
management and square dealing, I shall always take pleasure in commending the 
house of Andrews & Co. 

Very respectfully, 

A. C. KELLOGG, Supt. Schools. 

From Colorado. None Other Will Be Used. 

Pueblo, Colo., Feb. it,, 1881. 
A. H. Andrews & Co. 

Gentlemeii : Your Dovetailed Desks are rightly called the " Triumph." They 
have so far Triumphed here that none other Avill be used. They have given the 
best of satisfaction in our city schools. We shall soon have to furnish two or 
three more rooms with them. 

Yours most respectfully, 

JAMES RICE, 
Prest. of School Board. 

The Dovetailing- Has Never Given Way. 

Appleton, Wis., March 15, 18S1. 
A. H. Andrews & Co., School Furniture Manufacturers : 

During the past eight years the schools of this city, which in part have been 
under my control, have used school desks obtained from you, I think in all, in 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



ten departments. They have also been used in other portions of the city under 
different local boards. In all, but four desks of your make, in all that time, have 
broken down; which is altogether a better record than we can give for the limited 
number of school desks obtained from other manufacturers The Triumph school 
desks obtained of you, and constantly in use since 1876, are unapproachable in all 
respects. The dovetailing has never given way, nor have the seats become noisy 
or rickety. I regard them as better to-day than any new ones of other make that 
I know of. Teachers and scholars are alike proud of them. In fact it is cheaper 
in dollars and cents for a district to buy them as an investment for ten years, than 
to resort to the old rough benches and pine desks too often found in country dis- 
tricts, replaced from time to time. Yours, 

SAM RYAN, 
Sec'y High School Board. 

San Francisco— Report of Superintendent of Repairs. 

In a report to the School Board of San Francisco, of the relative merits of 
school desks, under date of July 9, 1877, the Superintendent of repairs says: 

" Were I purchasing for myself I should give the Dovetail Desk my prefer- 
ence every time." Yours respectfully, 

ISAAC P. KINCAID, 
Supt. Repairs, San Francisco School Board. 



The Questions Answered Fully. 

N. I. Throckmorton. 

Dear Sir: Yours asking me in reference to the Triumph Desks used in 
Lafayette schools is before me. There are 486 Triumph desks ; some of them 
have been in use four and some two and three years. The desks are in first-rate 
order, and to my knowledge not a casting has broken. I think this alone fully 
answers your questions. Yours, 

J, F. MERRELL, Supf. 

Lafayette, Indiana. 

Not One of Them Has Loosened in the Least. 

Bloomfield, Iowa, Feb. 27, 1879. 
Dear Sirs: Our desks purchased of you in 1875 are entirely satisfactory — 
by far the best in use in this town. Not one of them has loosened in the least. 

Yours truly, 

W. J. HAMILTON. 

Of the Same Opinion Still. 

LoDi, Wis., April 5, i88i. 
H. H. Gross, Chicago, 111. 

Dear Sir: Your favor of February 26th came duly to hand, got mislaid and 
turned up again this morning. I can say we are well pleased with the school 
furniture purchased of A. H. Andrews & Co. We made a thorough canvass of 
the matter at the time, and have seen nothing to change our opinion. 
Yours truly, 

E. W. GARDNER, Clerk. 

[The Lodi Hig^h School buildirvg- furnished throughout by us yearsago, was entirely de- 
stroyed by fire in the winter of 1S77-S ; upon rebuilding-, the Board again took the Triumph in 
preference to all others.] 



^. H. Aiulrews & Co., Chicago. 



As Near Perfect as it is Possible for a Desk to be Made. 

Milwaukee, Wis., March 12, 1881. 
Messrs. A. H. Andrews & Co. 

Gentlemen: The managers of the "Wisconsin Industrial School for Girls," 
take great pleasure in testifying to their high appreciation of jour school furni- 
ture. We think your school desks areas near perfect as it is possible for a school 
desk to be made, and we are entirely satisfied with all we have received from you. 

Yours truly, 

MRS. D. H. JOHNSON, 
Sec'y Wisconsin I ndustrial School for Girls, 

Criticism Impossible. 

River Falls, Wis., Feb. 22, 1881. 
A. H. Andrews & Co. 

Gentlemen : We have used your school furniture to seat 300 pupils now six 
months. Complaint or criticism is impossible. Yours, 

C. SMITH, Clerk. 

More than Satisfied— Used 8 Years and in the Best of Order. 

Gexeseo, III., Feb, 22, 1881. 
A. H. Andrews & Co. 

Gentlemen : Yours received by last mail inquiring about the purchase of 
school furniture of you and how we liked it; and in reply would say that for the 
past ten years we have reseated two of our Public School Buildings entire, out of 
the four in the city, and have reseated one-half of the third building, and all of 
them, with the exception of the seats for a single room, have been of your make, 
and that furnished eight years ago is in the best of order now — in short, it more 
than meets our expectation in every particular. 

Very truly yours, 

B. F. BARGE, Supt. City Schools. 

All that they are Claimed to be. 

Cedar Rapids, Ia., Feb. 21, 1S81. 
A. H. Andrews & Co. 

Gentlemen: We have seated two of our School Buildings with your single 
seats (14 rooms) ; the first one burned shortly after, and the last one was only 
seated last season, so we are not able to say much as to their durability. Our 
limited experience with the seats however, is that they are all that they are claimed 
to be. Our preferences are for the Andrews seat every time. 
Yours respectfully. 

T. DEVENDORF, Sec'y. 

Winona has Hundreds of Them and Would Like More. 

Winona, Wis., Feb. 21st, 1881. 
A. H. Andrews & Co., Chicago, 

Gentlemen : In reply to your favor of the 19th, I would state that the greater 
part of the furniture now in the public schools of this city, was obtained at your 
establishment ; that it has been in use for the past five or six years, and gives 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



23 



entire satisfaction in respect to convenience, comfort, durability and cost. If we 
could displace the old styles that were adopted fifteen years ago and substitute 
yours, it would prove a decided advantage to the schools. 

Yours respectfully, 

WM. F. PHELPS, Supt. City Schools. 

Three Times Hand Running* ; Think They Have the Best. 

Watertown, Wis., Feb. 24th, 18S1. 
Messrs. A. H. Andrews & Co., Chicago, 111. 

Gentlemen : The Board of Education of this city has purchased the follow- 
ing bills of school furniture of your firm : 

1878, October 2d, to the amount of - - $196.00 

1879, " ist, " ... 161.50 

1880, Nov. 10th, " ... 741-5.'; 



$1,099.05 
Each time the strongest competition being offered, and we are satisfied that we 
have the best furniture in the market. Besides, we are also satisfied that we saved 
money in buying of you. Very respectfully, 

WM. H. ROHR, City Suft. of Schools. 

Certificate of President M'CoIlester. 

BucHTEL College, Akron, O., March 10. 
This will certify that the Dovetailed School Furniture of A. H. Andrews 
& Co., placed in Buchtel College is giving perfect satisfaction. Experience con- 
vinces us that the dovetail work is far superior for durability to any other in 
school use. S. H. M'COLLESTER, Prest. Buchtel College. 

Gives Satisfaction in Louisiana. 

Baton, Rouge, Feb. 23d, 1881. 
Messrs. A. H. Andrews & 'Co., Chicago, 

Gentlemen : In answer to yours of no date, I beg to state that the board has 
purchased all the furniture they are likely to need for some time ; should they 
need anything further they will probably favor your firm, as your furniture has 
given satisfaction. Very truly yours, 

LEONARD U. SEWELL, 

Librarian of State University. 

Confirm the Title of the "Best Desk in the World." 

Hamilton, O., Nov. ist, 1879. 
To Whom it May Concern : 

After a thorough trial of various school seats and desks, and after an exami- 
nation by competitive bids, the Board of Education of the city of Hamilton, 
selected for use in the public school under their charge the "Triumph," as being 
the best seat made, combining durability, strength, comfort and ease, more 
thoroughly than any other desk shown. Recent improvements but confirm the 
title bestowed upon it, "The best desk in the world." It is therefore with pleasure 
I recommend parties in need of school furniture to purchase the " Triumph " — 
elegant, noiseless, durable and comfortable. 

JOHN R. BROWN, Clerk Board of Education. 



24 A. H. Andrews & Co., Chicago. 



The Dovetail Adapted to the Dry Atmosphere of New 

Mexico. 

Las Cruces, Feb. 28th, 1881. 
A. H. Andrews & Co., Chicago, 111. 

Gentlemen : The School Association here, which built and furnished a com- 
modious school house in this place last June, through their trustees, purchased 
about fifty of vour desks and scats, " Triumph School Desks " (double,) also a 
number of recitation seats and other articles. The desks have been in constant 
use since placed in school house, and are in just as good condition as when first 
put up. They give entire satisfaction. The dovetail and dowel arrangement by 
which they are put together, make an article of furniture at once strong and 
adapted to the dry atmosphere we have here. The seat hinge is also a great con- 
venience, which has never been excelled. 

Very respectfully, W. L. RYNERSON, Trustee, &c. 

The same Old Story— They Couldn't Buy them All, So they 
Took the Best, and got Better than they Bought. 

RUSHSYLVANIA, O., Nov. 27, 1 879. 

To Whom it May Concern: 

This certifies that at a meeting of the Board of Education of this place for 
the purpose of purchasing school desks — some thirteen different styles were rep- 
resented — that after a careful examination of all, we chose the Triumph, believing 
it to be the best and most durable desk in the market. Since then our order has 
been filled and is in all respects satisfactory, and as represented — if anything, bet- 
ter. We do not hesitate in saying this, and take pleasure in recommending them 
to the public generally. B. F. McCALLACH, Prest. of Board. 

D. ROBERTS, Clerk of Board. 

I Regard the " Triumph " as a Triumph. 

St. Charles, Minn., March 9, iSSi. 
Messrs. A. H. Andrews & Co. 

Gentlemen: The Board of Education of this city purchased of vou in the 
fall of 1S78; " Triumph School Desks," for the accommodation of three hundred 
pupils. The desks have been in constant use since, and are as perfect as when 
first set up. Only one desk has needed repairing, and that was broken by an acci- 
dent. We havs used desks put together with screws and found them getting out 
of order continually. I regard the " Triumph " as a triumph. 

Very truly, E. HILL, Clerk. 

Tried them Seven Years, Liked them, and now Orders More. 

Charles City, Iowa, April 9, iSSi. 
This is to certify that the Independent District of Charles City has used A. 
H. Andrews & Co's. Triumph Dovetailed School Desks for the past seven years, 
and after careful examination of the various seats in the market, have bought 
more of them this spring. We consider them the best shaped and most durable 
seat in use. A. M. HARRISON, / Committee on 

B. W. STEVENS, \ Supplies. 
A. B. F. HILDRETH, Prest. of School Board. 



Catalogtie of School Merchandise. 



25 




The "Triumph" Study Desk. 

The new Foldinsr-Lid and Scat School Desk. 

u 

Notice the natural, easy and healthful position of the scholar. 

The *' Triumph Study " Desk is constructed on the same 
method as the " Triumph " Desk and possesses all the advantages of 
the dovetail process, so fully described in the preceding pages. It is 
well proportioned, handSOme, very strong" and durable. Although 
it has not been in use as long as the " Triumph " it has already 
obtained a degree of popularity that ensures its success, and places it 
in the front rank of school desks. The cuts partially represent the 
advantages of this desk, which is made, either single or double, in all 



26 



A. H. Andrervs S Co., Chicago. 




FOLDED. 



Points of Superiority. 

The Triumph Study-Desk is better 
than all other folding' lid desks, for the 
following reasons : 

1. Each pupil can fold his own seat, and 
close his own book-box, without noise or 
confusion. 

2. When the lid and seat are folded, the 
desk occupies only ten inches space. 

3. It can be transformed in an instant 
from a study-desk to a writiitg-desk^ and 
then to a perfect settee. 

4. On account of the dovetail inode of 
fastening, two " Triumph " desks can be 
"setup" in the same time required to set 
up one ordinary desk. 

^t 5. The form and strength of the castings 
are such that it is next to impossible to break 
•^^ these desks by ordinary use. 

6. The book-box is larger than that of 
Book-box locked. Shozving '^"y other desk. The books are placed on 
Desk and Seat occupying end as in a library, not thrown upon a shelf, 
o7il}' ten inches in space. nor piled one upon another. 

7. The back and seat are slatted and curved so as to fit the form 
of the person, and great care has been taken to get true physiological 
curves. The beauty and comfort of our seats could only be secured 
by the use of narrow slats. 

8. The rough usage, such as climbing on the desks, playing tag, 
etc., which would break the stationary tpp desks, will not injure the 
study-desk in the least ^ when folded and locked. 

9. Whether open or folded, there are no sharp corners nor iron 
projections to catch and tear clothing. 

10. A lock on every desk without extra cost. {Keys for Teachers 
and jfanitors only.") 

11. By the process of manufacture the brittleness of the castings 
is taken out, making them the strongest in the market. 

12. The Triumph Study-Desk is the only desk ever invented 
combining a NoiiSeleSS Folding" Lid, which disturbs no other scholar; 

a Folding'-Seat, which will rejnaln noiseless ; a Closed and Lock- 
ing" Book-Box, a Book-Rest, tvhich presents the book to the eye in 
a direct line of vision., and ?^ foot -rest which stops the scraping of 
feet on the floor. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



13. This desk is t\\Q perfection of beauty and elegance, in sym- 
metry of form and style of finish. Hard woods are used exclusively, 

14. The scholars can rise in their places simultaneously, raising 
the lid as they do so, without losing time by folding the seat behind 
them. 




POSITION NO. 1 FOR WRITING. 



POSITION NO. 2 FOR STUDY. 



Seat and Lid Open. Showing the Lid in Position for Writ- 
ing or taking Notes in the Lecture Room. Ln position Nos. i and 
2, each lid should be shoxvn at a greater inclination than the above 
cuts represent them. 



The Book-Kest. 

15. The folding lid can be turned over as seen in the cut on page 
25, presenting the under side as a rest or support for the books. 

16. The scholar is not compelled to hold the book in the hand 
during the hours of study. A correct, easy and graceful posture is 
naturally assumed by all who use the book-rest. 

17. The book-easel supports the book directly in front of the 
pupil, and at a proper distance and angle for reading. 

18. The book-easel is fifteen to eighteen inches from the eye of 
the scholar, distance varying according to the size of desk used. 



28 



^-1. H. Aiidretvs <£• Co., Chicago. 



19. The book will stand on the book-rest, without trouble to the 
scholar. Observe, in the cut on page 25, that the boy's hand does not 
touch the book, but is at one side, lying on the book-easel. 




AS A SETTEE. 

Lid Folded and Book-box Locked. For Assembly Rooms., Colleges^ 
Chapels., Halls., Etc. 

The Folding Lid. 

20. Lt is held in position by g"ravitation. 

21. It is noiseless in opening and closing. 

22. It is simple in construction, has no machinery bolts, springs 
nor bars to make a noise, or get out of repair, 

23. When the lid is folded down over the book-box^ it is locked, 
thus perfectly protecting the books, papers, pencils, etc., from dust, 
damage, or intrusion. This is a very important matter, as the draw- 
ing and school books of young ladies and younger female scholars have 
sometimes been insultingly dealt with by " fellows of the baser sort," 
who happened to occupy their seats at evening meetings, lectures, 
concerts, etc. 

24. The Triumph Study Desk Top Hinge, is permanently 
noiseless, being provided with the same spring steel washer in use on 
all our hinges described on page 36, fig. 2. 



Catalogtie of School Merchandise. 



25. The lid locks itself in the different positions seen in the 
cut. The lock is in, and a part of, the hinge joint, and is automatic in 
its working-. " It is a marvel of mechanical ingenuity !" 

26. The lid is entirely under the control of the pupil using it, 
and cannot be pushed nor throxvn out of position. 

27. The smallest child can with ease raise and lower the lid, by 
taking hold of the front edge and lifting it a very little. Notice that 
there are no spiral springs nor wire levers underneath the lid to pull 
at, nor any machinery whatever about the desk. 

28. The lid is adjusted to the different positions, by the use of 

the o7tly successful means ever devised — our Patent Improved Au- 
tomatic Ball Hinge, (described on next page.) 

29. This desk has a new flush ink-well, leaving the top of the 
desk perfectly smooth. No other desk has an ink-well equal to this. 

The Seat-Hinge. 



'6^. The Seat Hinge used on our Improved Study Desk of 1882, 
is the same as used for the Triumph Desk, — fully described on pages 

35 ^^^^ 36- 

31. It is made noiseless, not by using pads of either India rubber 
or leather, wooden hinges, nut and bolt friction hinges, nor by any 
other of the various devices which perish in a day. These ^at/^ are 
soon decomposed by contact with the iron, and mash down^ crumble 
to pieces and fall out ; the wooden hinges chip off and split, and the 
mit and bolt friction hinges grind loose^ while the nuts work loose and 
sometimes entirely off, from the constant movement of the seat. The 
Triumph seat has the only effectual means of preventing both loose- 
ness and noise — The Patent Indestructible Steel Spring" Washer. 
(See description elsewhere in this catalogue.) * 

32. The seat will support a ton, and no danger of breaking. 

33. It is as easy to sit upon as an upholstered " rocking-chair," 

and far more healthful. 

It is essential that the foregoing points receive the most care- 
ful consideration from those about to purchase school desks, in order 
that the many decided advantages of the Triumph Study Desk 
shall be fully known and appreciated. The more thorough the inves- 
tigation the stronger will be the conviction that this is, in all respects, 

the best Folding--Lid Desk ever offered to the public. 



30 



A. II. Andreivs <£■ Co., Chicago. 



The Ball and Groove Hinge Support 

Is almost perfectly noiseless, cannot get out of 
order, nor wear out. As applied to the Triumph 
Folding" Lid Desk, it is a complete success, and 






Fig. I. Fig:. 2. Fig. 3. 

goes far toward making this desk "what it is acknowledged to be, the 
most perfect Folding Lid and Seat Desk ever made. The complete- 
ness of this Hinge and Support will readily be seen from the above 

cuts and the following Description : 

In Figs. I, 3 and 3, two pieces of iron are shown and a ball of hardened steel. 
In Fig. I, H A E is a part of one of the iron standards of the Desk, or whatever 
article is to receive the attachment. C D F G is a section of the movable arm or 
support to which the Desk Top or Lid is to be attached. B is the hardened ball, 
Y^ inch diameter. Fig. i shows the position when the lid is closed, (as in Fig. 6.) 

Now raise the arm G to 

* "'• '^ ^-. the let^t till the ball B 

\ falls into the socket D, 

^ithen the lid will rest at 

/ a point 10 or 15 degrees 

below the horizontal, a 

position suitable for near 

sighted pupils at studv, 

(as shown in fig. 2, page 

Now raise the arm 
still higher and a little 
above the horizontal, and 
the ball falls into socket C, the position for writing. See Figs. 2 and 5. 

Notice that the ball is pressed against the shoulder A, (Fig. 2) so that the 
arm will sustain a great weight. In fact a person can sit and jump on the lid of 
the desk without its j-ielding at all. Now move up the arm G to the position seen 
in Fig. 3 (or Fig. 4), and notice the ball has rolled into the deeper socket E. This 
socket is so deep in the arm that the ball is carried around in it, and kept in it by 
the periphery of the hub. The shoulder F now rests firmly against the shoulder 
A. Next, we wish to drop the lid from position shown in Figs. 3 and 4 and close 
it over the book box as in Fig. 6. Pull arm G towards you and the ball passes 
under the shoulder A and so on around the semi-circle till it passes the point above 
J, when it falls, b}' gravitation, into and down through the groove I, the ball and 
arm being again in the position of Fig. i. Hence, the only movements required 
for any one of these four positions are the up and down motions of the lid. The 
only noise, is the slight click of the ball falling into place. 

In this Study desk the arm G is entirely closed over the hub J, excepting at 
the rivet hole. The hole at J receives a rivet, holding arm and standard together. 




Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



Dimensions of the "Triunipli" Study-Deslf. 



Single Desks for One Pupil. 

No. I, Normal 

" 2, High School 

" 3, Grammar 

" 4, First Intermediate 
" 5, Second " 

Double Desks for Two Pupils. 

No. I, Normal 

" 2, High School 

" 3, Grammar 

" 4, First Intermediate 
" 5, Second " 



Si 

c 






24 in. 


16 in. 


33 in. 


24 in. 


15 in. 


33 in. 


24 in. 


14 in. 


29 in. 


21 in. 


13 in. 


29 in. 


i8in. 


12 m . 


27 in. 


42 in. 


16 in. 


33 in. 


42 in. 


15 in. 


33 in. 


42 in. 


14 m. 


29 in. 


42 in. 


13 in. 


29 m. 


36 in. 


12 in. 


27 in. 



Ag-e Accommo- 
daled. 



Adults. 

16 to 20 years. 
13 to 16 " 
ID to 13 " 
7 to ID " 

Rear Seats. 

Adults. 

16 to 20 years. 
13 to 16 " 
10 to 13 " 
7 to 10 " 



In placing" desks, let the edg'e of the seat project under the hd 
of the desk before it about one inch, and so on until all are placed ; 
also, place only desks of the same Size in each row, from front to 
rear of room. 



CoRNWALL-ON- Hudson, N . Y. 
From Rev. A. C. Roe. — "The desks I am much pleased with, and like them 
better from day to day." 

Clintondale, N. Y. 
From John J. Hull. — "We like the seats iirst-rate, and our School Com- 
missioner pronounces them ' A No. i.'" 

GOUVERNEUR, N. Y. 

From Geo. B. Winslow, School Trustee. — "The Triumph Study-Desks 
purchased of you have been in use a few weeks in our Primary Department and 
are in every way satisfactory. The teachers and pupils are delighted with them. 
These desks were selected after comparison with- other first-class desks, by reason 
of their superiority, both as to form and strength as well as to beauty of finish. 
The position in which the pupil is enabled to hold his book while studying I re- 
gard as a very great improvement; besides, the folding lid admits of the desks 
being placed nearer together, thus tending to encourage an upright posture, also 
allowing a greater number of desks to be put in a given space. Had I the neces- 
sary authority I should order a hundred more for use in our schools." 

NvACK, N. Y. 

From Geo. P. Felter, ScJiool Trustee.—'' Our new desks more than answer 
all requirements — they are splendid." 

Flemington, N. Y. 

From I. N. Leigh, Principal Classical School.—'' Many of our patrons and 
others have visited the school to see the new furniture. All pronounce it beauti- 
ful, which indeed it is." 

•See additional testimonials on page 125. 



A. H. Andrews <& Co., Chicago. 



New "Triumph" Box-Desk. 




WITH FOLDING SEAT AND LIFTING TOP. 
MADE BOTH SINGZjE AXn HOIIBZ^E. 

This Desk combines the advantages of a " Box " Desk with the 
important improvements of our " Triumph " Open Desk and seat. 
The lifting lid or top is made of solid wood, without any panels or 
border; on the under side, two cleats of dovetailed iron, one-half inch 
wide, extend the width of the top, one at each end, which effectually 
prevent any springing, warping, or splitting. This is a great improve- 
ment over the framed and glued tops of the past. 

The Double Desks have separated apartments wdth pencil trays 
and separate raising lids to each, so one pupil need not disturb another 
when opening his desk. 

The dimensions of the Box-Desks, height of seat, etc., are pre- 
cisely the same as for corresponding Nos. of "Triumph" Open Desks 
and Seats. We do not make the smallest, or No. 6 size, in box style, 
as it would not be desirable. All but smallest sizes (Nos. 4 and 5) are 
supplied with the Patent Non-Corrosive Silvered Ink-Wells. The 
lids are supplied with Andrews' Patent Desk Lid Support. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



33 



Normal or Collegiate Desk. 




BENT SPINDLE AND RIM CHAIR. 

This desk is specially designed for use in the higher schools and 
colleges. It is a model of beauty and convenience. The castings are 
unsurpassed for perfection in outline, carving, etc., and are provided 
with the adjustable foot-rest. The chair, which has a bent oak rim, is 
very strong and is finished either light or in imitation of walnut. An 
ordinary movable chair can be used. Each desk is furnished with ink- 
well and lid support. 

Andrews' Patent Desk Lid Support. 




IN USE UPON ALL OUR DESKS, INCLUDING TEACHERS' DESKS. 

This Lid Support IS a new invention, and secures a most desirable 
result not hitherto accomplished. It is made of steel, and is self- 
springing, self-acting, and self-sustaining. The desk-lid cannot be 
dropped down nor over backwards, as the support holds it in any 
positiojty and isatthe same timethesti-ongest "check" against throwing 
the lid back too far. The motion of the lid works it without the hand. 



34 



A. H. Andrews <& Co., Chicago, 



Andrews' Patent Non-Corrosive Ink- Wells. 




Showing the Ink- Well in the Desk. 

Explanations. — A, Cover ; a a, Pen Rack ; B, Ring with shoulder, which confines the Glass ; 
C, Glass ; c, Slot in shoulder allowing the pa^sag-e of a lip projecting from the glass. 

This patentink-well has Non-Corrosive Cover and Ring, and large removable Glass, including 
necessary screws. Price, per doz, $3. 

Their Points of Superiority Are: i. — Extreme simplicity and strength. There is no lock to 
get out of order. No key is required . 2. — The bearing at the rear of the pivot insures a perfect 
fitting cover and ring. — This prevents evaporation of the ink and keeps out dust. 3. — The wells 
ai'e laro-e, and need filling only two or three times during a term. 5. — The covers turn only one 
wav, and but a quarter of a circle ; they cannot be twirled or slammed, or made noisy in any way. 

. ^They are not liable to be left open. 7. — The whole design is tasteful, the cover representing an 

6inverted shell which serves as a pen dish. 8. — 1 he wells are low on the desk 9. — They can be 
used in holes where other wells have been 10. — They are the first wells invented having a pen 
rack attached to the cover, 

Adopted for general use by Boards of Education in the cities of Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit- 
Milwaukee, Cincinnati, St. Louis, etc. 

Andrews' New Patent "Flush" Ink-Well. 



Q 




s^ 




^ 


!^ 


^ 


k 
H 


te; 


^ 


S 





^ 


P^ 


^ 


B^ 


ftn 












1 


H 




!^ 












No. 2. 



This new Flush Ink Well, No. 2, is set in the desl s " flush," or even with the top 

of desk when cover of the well is closed. The cutshov well open, with pen resting on 

the penholder. These wells are for use in the new " Study," or Folding Lid School Desks only, 
as shown on pages 21; and 27. Those cuts should show the ink well lid as level and smooth \vith 
the.surface of the desk top. This is a great improvement over any ink well hitherto made. The 
"flush " quality has been needed for many years. Books, Slates, etc., can now be moved overthe 
surface of desk without interruption. The glasses are the same as used in No. i, andcontain a 
nib or projection, so that when turned ^ around after inserting, are held firmly in position. The 
groove shown in top of section of desk seen in cut, is for holding pencil, etc. The lid of No. 2, is 
opened by pressure downward at the rear of the pivot. 

Price, complete, per doz. $3.00. Glass alone, per doz., Sl.OO. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



35 



The Triumph Duplex Seat Hinge. 




Description. 



The Hinges of the Seat form 
such an important part of 




Fig-. 2. 



our school desks, the description will help those 
interested. The hinge is fully patented. 



Fig. I. 



In Fig. I, T is a portion of the iron standard ("right hand.") 
Fig. 2 is a section of a seat-arm, also right hand ; W is the top, or 
dovetailed portion. The sides of the arm and standard shown are 
hrought together, then the trunion I (Fig, 2) fits the socket O (Fig. i). 
The trunion N (Fig. i) also fits the socket D in (Fig, 2), while the sur- 
face B C, is brought into contact with surface S, and the surface J with 
L, X. Now, since the seat-arm is very broad at the hinged part, these 
large surfaces and bearings, when held tightly together, naturally pro- 
duce a great amount of friction. 

The Double Bearings. — Notice now the double shouldei's, X 
and L, against which, when the seat is turned down and occupied, the 
lips C and B rest. The arms in this position will sustain a half ton ! 
Now if you turn back the arm with a strong jerk, no noise is pi'oduced 
because of the cai7t motion, for the inside of the ring just above D, 
strikes the outer rim of the trunion N between N and L, in Fig. i, 
also preventing the seat from coming in contact with the back of the 
desk. Observe in this seat, that there is no v\^ear or strain on the rivet 
which holds the arm to the standard, such is the construction of this 
remarkable joint ! The rivet is needed only to hold the two castings 
together, or in place. 

Permanently Noiseless, And Why? 

Description of tbis irerj^ Important feature of tbe Xrianipli Desk. 

Fig. 3. represents the opposite or inner side of arm as perma- 
nently attached to the standard. Fig. 4, shows the attachments. V is 
a projecting portion of the seat-arm which is concave or " dished " 



36 



A. H. Andrews <£• Co., Chicago. 



about the center of motion or rivet hole. 2 is a tempered steel washer 
the thickness of saw plate, fitting into the depression V, and perforated 
as shown. Outside of this is placed the thick collar, 3. The rivet 1, 
is put through the four pieces from the opposite or outside, and thor- 
oughlv riveted upon 3. This process pinches the castings together and 
so compresses the central portion of spring 
washer 2, as to produce a constant friction as 
the arm is moved up and down, so that it can 
never fall of its own 
accord ! The washer 
moves with the arm. 
preventing its wear- 
ing. Thus the Tri- 
umph Desk has a 
seat-hinge that is, 
and is likely to re- 
main, w^hoUy une- 
qualed in any re- Fig 4. 

spect. It is so strong that three men have often stood upon one of these 
seats, unable to break it by springing up and down ! Nor can this 
seat be made to sag in the least after years of wear. 

Affidavit— Another Severe Test! 

Leading teachers tell us the seats are usually raised and lowered four or five 
times a day, or, to make a calculation, 20 times a week or 40 weeks a school year, 
800; say we add 25 per cent, to this amount to cover all contingences, and we have 
1000 as the greatest number of times the seat is raised and lowered during a school 
vear. The seat was-raised and lowered as per the following affidavit, 58,500 times, 
equal to the wear of 58^ years, and the hinges are still in very good condition! 
We are willing at any time to have the test made in public. 





State of Illinois^ Du Page Cottnty, ss. 

I, Daniel Schustek, being duly sworn on oath, say. That I am a practi- 
cal machinist and mechanic of seven years experience, and that on or about the 
30th day of January, 1881 a the request of A. H. Andrews & Co., I took one 
of their school seats, known as the "Triumph," and attached the seat thereof to 
the machinery under my charge in such a manner that the seat was raised and 
lowered to its" full extent at the rate of 65 times per minute for a period of (15) 
hours, or thereabouts ; and that the same was raised and lowered 58,500 times, ac- 
cording to careful computation. That the bearing surfaces of the arm and stand- 
ard were worn quite smooth and bright, but that the operation of the spring steel 
washer was unimpaired; and that the said joint operated very nearly the same af- 
ter the operation as it did before. The said joint did not wear loose or become 
noisy by the operation. That upon completion of the trial the seat was returned 
to A. H. Andrews & Co. Daniel Schustek. 

Subscribed and szvor7i to before me this ijth day of ApriU A. D., 18S1. 
C. F. Weber, Notary Public. 



The above desk is in our salesroom, where it may be examined by any one who wishes to do so. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



37 




'Triumph" Recitation Seats. 

]¥o. lATI. Curved Back, and. Curved folding- iSlat iSeat. 

This Settee is made in six sizes corresponding with those of 

the "Triumph" Desk, and of the same handsome design, and of simi- 
lar fine hard woods. Standard length 8 feet, b'^t any length desired 
can be furnished at short notice, up to 1 1 feet 8 inches. 

The end castings are dovetailed into the wood slats, which are of 
alternating colors to match the Triumph furniture. The dowels and 
bolted foot-rests are used, and, altogether, the Trivimph is the most 
substantial, comfortable and beautiful Recitation Seat yet de- 
signed, and one that can be set up with greater ease and rapidity than 
any other seat of the same length. Other styles of Settees, etc. are 
shown in our Catalogue of Office, Church and Opera House Furniture. 

No. 28. Folding 
Writing Table, raised 
and lowered entirely 
out of the ■way, with 
patent Magic Hinge, 
adapted to Chairs and 
Settees, shown both 
extended for use and 
folded out of the way. 
The seat shown is No. 
31. The writing table 
is applicable to indi- 
vidual chairs, and suit- 
able to all curves. 

For particulars, send 
for our Catalogue of 
No 31 No. 28. ^P^^'^ Chairs, also for 

' PMn Opera Chair vith Folding Writing Table. vanous other cn-culars. 




38 



A. H. Andrews £ Co., CJiicago. 



Teachers' Desks. 



OuP Method of attaching the legs to our DesKs ana Tao^es, so 
that they may readily be removed for transportation, is one in which 
the strength of the table or desk is in no respect impaired, while its 
advantages are apparent to every pvnxhaser. when the difference 
between the transportation rates of furniture set-up and knock-down 
is considered. 

The woods used in the construction of our Teachers' Desks and 
Tables, are Cherry, Ash, Maple, Black and Satin Walnut, and are 
selected to give the most pleasing contrasts in color and to harmonize 
with the School Desks they accompany. 




No, 300. 30 X 20. Made to order only. 

No. 300}4. 36 X 24. Solid flat top, one drawer, with lock. 





No. 301. Two drawers with plain 
top, 46 X 24 inches. 

No. 302. Drawers 5 inches deep, 
enameled top, 56 x 26. 



No. 303. Enamel cloth top, 46 x 24 
inches. 

No. 303y2. Plain top, 58 X 56 inches. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



39 




i^O. 304 }i. 36 X 24. Lid to raise, with lock and key 
iV^o. 305. Same, paneled walnut. 

This is a strong and neat desk, very well adapted to use in small 
class-rooms. 

JVo. 304. 30 X 20. Made only to order. 




N'o. 308. 48 X 26. Two drawers, inclined top desk, with tray supported 
on iron stanchions. Paneled on all sides. 



This desk is very convenient and strong. It has all the necessary 
qualities of a good desk, and is a general favorite. 



40 



A. H. Andrews <£; Co., Chicago. 



No. 311. 
No. .310. 
No. 313. 




Fluted legs, two drawers, 

Plain 

Fluted " 



X 26 inches. 



" " " Walnut. 

This is one of our most popular styles. The fluted legs and 
general superiority of finish of our desks give them an attractive 
appearance. The lumber is all thoroughly kiln-dried. 




No, 
No 



95. 
90. 



No. 93. 



No. 
No. 



94. 
96. 



No. 97 



28 X 22. Solid top, wood legs and ornamental railing. See cut. 
Plain, solid lifting lid, box desk, having plain iron supports, size, 
26 X 21. Back rises i}4 inches above top, forming rail. 
Same style but with lock and key, and having heavy iron legs 
provided with a foot-rest bar. Size, 28 x 22. 
Same, having cloth top. 

Has sunk and raised panel ends and back, billiard-cloth top, with 
different lock and key to each desk. 

Has sunk and raised veneered panels on all sides, billiard-cloth top, 
binding, and separate lock to each desk. 
Ink Well and Patent Lid Support with each of the above desks. 



No. 314. One drawer, pigeon holes and 
tray, with lid to raise. Size, 
44 X 28 inches. 




.^^JL No. 315. 



Same, but drawer and book com- 
partments in the place of open 
pigeon holes. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



41 




No. 319. Sizes, 44 X 28; 54 X 30; 60 X 36 inches. Four drawers, flat enam- 
eled cloth top, finished back. 
Shell or panel base instead of legs. 5 drawers, 44 x 28 inches. 
Same, double, 44 x 44 inches. 




No. 320. Size, 44 s 30. Inclined enameled top, solid or open railing, five 
drawers, with pulls and book cupboard, plain or paneled back. 




No. 325. Size, 44 x 30 inches. Like No. 320, but having case o( pigeon 
holes attached to top, with rail above. Enameled cloth; five 
drawers at rif^ht hand, not as shown in cut; finished back. 



42 



A. H. Andrews <& €o. Chicago. 



Principal's Desk. 




No. 350. Having nine Drawers, large Cupboard in center, 
Paneled back, round corners, best finish, Enameled Cloth Top. 
Size, 56x30. 




No. 348. 54x34 inches. Inclined Top, Billiard Cloth, End 
Closet, Finished Back. 

No. 346. 54x30 inches. Inclined Enameled Top, Open Rail, 
Six Drawers, Bronzed Pulls, Plain Back, Closets in front and end. 

No. 347. Same, with Finished Back, Carved Pulls. 

No. 349. 54x30 inches. Flat Top, Finished Back. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



43 



TEACHERS' Chairs. 



HARDWOOD. 




No. 500. 

Cane Seat. Size, 22 x 21 _^. $300. 




No. 501. 

Same. Wood Seat. $2.50. 





No. 502. 

Bent Back, Rim and Spindles. Wood 
Seat, size 21 x lyj^ inches. $1.50, 



No. 503. 

Same. Cane Seat. $2.00. 



44 



A. H. Andreivs & Co., Chicago. 



Cane Seat, 

Tilting, Swivel Chairs, 



P£^tae£pal^» 





JV^o. 50 M. 



No, 34. 




Xo. 506. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



45 



The School House, Exterior and Interior. 

School Days, 



" Still sits the school-house by the road, 

A ragged beggar sunning ; 
Around it still the sumachs grow 

And blackberries are running. 

Within, the master's desk is seen, 
Deep scarred by raps official ; 

The warping floor, the battered seats, 
The jack-knife's carved initial. 

The charcoal frescoes on its walls; 

Its door's worn sill, betraying 
The feet that, creeping slow to school, 

Went storming out to playing! " 




The Country School House of " Auld Iiang Syne !" 

Is it not fair to suppose that the pubhc sentiment which would 
permit such outer dilapidation as is shown in the above cut, would also 
allow within that so-called school-house, furniture equally shabby ? 
Very likely the children were compelled to sit upon what were called 
" Puncheon seats," made of slabs, flat side up, with legs like stakes 
driven obliquely into auger holes. Backs, for support, were not 
thought of ; when through reciting, the weary pupil had the privilege 
of change by gracefully turning around and stepping over these forms 
ranged along the sides of the room, so as to place the book upon the 
long, rough desk set against the wall ! Then, with back towards the 
teacher, the pupils were expected to attend to their studies! 

There was, as is the case in some localities to-day, no recognition 
of the principle of taste without or within the school room. No 



46 



A. H. Andrews & Co., Chicago. 



architectural beauty was shown either in building or furnishing. The 
horses, cows, sheep, and even swine were provided with far better 
accommodations in proportion to the actual requirements, than the 
children of the parents — including school officers — thus negligent of 
the higher interests of a true education! 

What wonder is it, that with such surroundings as we have hinted 
at, which seemed better adapted to brutes than young and growing 
children, there should often be exhibited harsh and brutal treatment 
toward those thus confined, as in a dungeon! Both teacher and pupil 
were unconsciously hardened. There could be little or no enthusiasm 
in study ; no special attachment for the school-room ; little love between 
teacher and pupil. 

Turn now, from that picture, to the following: 




135 64 2 

Interior of a Modern Public School. 

"Yho. Exterior need not be shown, as that is supposed to correspond 
in beauty and taste with the Interior here presented. This picture hap- 
pens to be one taken from a photograph, and is seated with the Triumph 
Desk described in these pages. The apparatus, blackboai-ds, globes, 
etc., are from the house of A. H. Andrews & Co. What a change 
from the old time, semi-barbarous scene presented in the former en- 
graving! There is here a new atmosphere, intellectual and moral. 
We quote a few lines from Johonnot on " Our School Houses," upon 
furniture for the same. 

1st. Desks should be substantial^ as they are subjected to rough 
usage, at times ; moreover, strength will repress the element (of de- 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



47 



structiveness) which is usually precociously developed in childhood. 

2d. They should be easy and comfortable — churches, which are 
used but a small part of one day in the week, are often supplied with 
upholstei-ed seats, while the school-room, occupied five days in the 
week, is often supplied with rough, ill-shaped benches ! There is no 
good reason why our school houses should not be made more comfort- 
able than our churches ! The spines of the children have often be- 
come distorted from lack of support while sitting in the school-room. 

3d. The seats should be graded to the different sizes of pupils. 
Sometimes rooms are seated with desks all of the same size. In that 
case, either the larger pupils are seated much too low for comfort, or 
the smaller ones are perched so high, that their feet cannot touch the 
floor ! 

4th. There should be a shelf ior packing away books, slates, etc. 
and a permanent inkstand, which cannot be overturned. 

5th. They should be neatly finished, so as to be ornamental as 
well as useful. Beauty serves to protect from injury. The rude fur- 
niture of the olden tim^e was soon covered with ink spots, cuts and 
scratches innumerable. Elaborate jack-knife carvings overlaid each 
other every term, until the original form and complexion was entirely 
obliterated. On the contrary, welljinished and elegant furniture has 
often been in constant use for years^ without a single scratchy the 
beauty preserving it, as well as serving to inculcate habits of order and 
carefulness. School furniture should be finished like cabinet work. 

In addition, a few words are added on the proper material and 
construction of school desks. No soft wood should be used. All 
edges and corners should be carefully rounded, and all the work 
smooth and well finished. Iron standards should be used, as far more 
rigid and substantial." 

It is needless to say that this Firm anticipated, full fifteen years 
since, all these practical suggestions ! 



Remarks. 



At the close of this catalogue will be found excellent Plans for 
the building of five classes of School Houses. Every item is given to 
aid the school Board and builder. But in the case of large buildings 
for cities, a good architect should of course be employed. 

We have, however, a single word as to placing the desks and seats 
in the school-room. By referring to the last illustration, it will be seen 
that desks should be placed in rows from front to rear. The last seat 



4S A. H. Andrews & Co., Chicago. 

in each row is a rear seat, that is, a seat without a desk connected -with 
it. The cut shows six rows of " single " desks and seats, that is, each 
accommodating only one pupil. " Double " desks are for two pupils. 
Single desks are usually preferred, especially in the larger, graded, town 
schools, as each pupil is thus thrown more upon his own resources, is 
less liable to be disturbed by others, and, if mischievous, is less likely to 
interrupt others. Single desks, sufficient for an equal number of pupils, 
will cost about two-fifths more than the double desks. 

Placing' the Desks. 

Each row, from front to rear of the room, should contain only 
desks of the same size. This remark is not needed in the case of 
graded schools, where all the desks in any given room are supposed to 
be of the same size. But in common district schools, where pupils of 
all ages, from five to eighteen years, are expected, there should be at 
least four or five sizes of desks, for reasons previously given. Now, 
the old method of arranging desks, formerly in vogue, is entirely 
erroneous, viz : that of ranging the little ones on front seats from right 
to left. This might answer if a row of separate recitation seats were 
used for the smallest pupils. But the correct way of seating the rooin 
for securing beauty and comfort (see the cut of the school-room), is to 
place in row No. 6, or along the middle aisle, the smallest children ; 
in row No, 5, the next grade larger ; in row 4, the next higher, and 
so on, placing the larger pupils on the outside rows. In ordinary dis- 
trict schools there are usually but 4, or at most 5 rows, our No. i desk 
being used only in Normal schools. Seating pupils in this way, only, 
will bring the desks and seats of proper or corresponding height to- 
gether ; while by the old method, a No. 3 desk might be placed in 
front of a No. 3 desk, the seat of which would be too high. 

These hints are given so that those who are not accustomed to 
ordering or placing school desks may avoid trouble. 

Full directions for putting together our desks when shipped 
knock down, and for arranging them in the school-room, are sent with 
every shipment sent out from our Factories. 

Apparatus. 

Apparatus in the school-room is as necessary to good and suc- 
cessful work, as are implements on the farm, or " tools to work with " 
in the shop or factory. The farmer cannot plow, harrow, or cultivate 
his crops, especially in this day of advancement, without the help of 
improved apparatus. No more can a teacher, whose time is usually so 
much occupied, do himself or school, justice, without the aid of such 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



49 



helps as Globes, Blackboards, Maps, Object Teaching Forms, etc. 
This point must be kept before parents and school officers. It will 
not answer to say that because they had no such help, therefore their 
children can do well enough without them ! One might as well insist 
that because the Turks scratched the ground with a sharp stick, there- 
fore the American farmer needs no plow for cultivating the soil in 
these days; or, that since our grandparents rode in stage-coaches, there- 
fore we need no railways ! The truth is, the very best and most im- 
proved apparatus for schools is none too good for our own children, 
even though it costs something-. 




Exterior of a Modern Public School. 



A. H. Andrews <& Co., CJiicago. 



New Terrestrial Globes. 



A g'OOd Globe, like the dictionary, should always be close at 
hand for reference. 

The teacher needs one^ and cannot get along without it! 
Object-Teaching is now considered an indispensable method. 
Pictures are better than pages for educating the young. But the 
Globe is more than a picture ; it is a tangible object that may be 
handled, a facsimile of the earth on which we live. No map can 
take the place of a globe, which 
shows the relative positions of 
countries and places in respect to 
their latitude and longitude. The 
Globe also shows how degrees of 
longitude grow shorter as we ap- 
proach the poles, while the de- 
grees of latitude remain the same. 

No article of furniture gives 
such a refining effect to the home 
or our schools as o, good globe. 

OUP Globes are the handsomest 
and .v/roz/o-ej-zf that are made. They 
are thoroughly revised to date. 
They cannot be broken.^ or even 
cracked., being hollow, of several 
layers of papier macJte., and thor- 
oughly braced. 

The polished Brass Meridians 

are marked distinctly to show the 
degrees of latitude, while the lon- 
gitude is marked on the Equator. 

The flexible Quadrant of 

brass, also, has degrees marked 12-INCH GLOBE, TRIPOD STAND. 

upon it for measuring distances No. 20. Nickel Plate, Complete, $40.00 

No. 21. Polished Brass, " 35oo 

On the Horizon are the degrees of latitude, the names of the 
months, and the twelve signs of the Zodiac, by which one may find the 
position of the Sun in the ecliptic on any day in the year. The alti- 
tude, declination, time of rising, setting, etc., of the Sun are also shown. 




Catalogue of School MercJiandise. 



51 



Our list embraces a large number of styles, including several fine 
Library Globes, as well as Slated Globes, or « Spherical Black- 
boards," for use in the study of Geometry, Map Drawing, Navigation, 
etc. These globes are sold on their merit. 

Size, from 3 to 30 inches in diameter. Price from $1.50 to $200.00. 

Our Globe Manual illustrates fully the use of Globes. Price, by 
mail, 35 cents. 

The following are among the advantages of our globes : 

1. The^ show all the latest political changes and principal topographical 
features, according to the latest discoveries. 

2. Outlines of natural and political divisions are distinctly given. 

3. Ocean Currents are represented on many of the Globes. 

4. The Isothermal lines are distinctly shown. 

• 5. They are made of fapiet- tnache, and covered with a composition that can- 
not be easily dented or broken. They are impervious to water, and when soiled 
may be cleaned with a damp cloth or sponge. 

The Manufacture of Globes 

Requires special facilities, careful and experienced workmen, and the 
most expensive and accurate machinery. It is no amateur work, nor 
is it surprising that many who have essayed to manufacture this 
kind of apparatus have made a failure. We have now probably the 
largest establishment in this special department, in America, if not in 
the World, and with our present facilities, ought to produce work 
of the very finest quality. To illustrate the opinion of a leading pub- 
lic man upon the merit of our work, we take the liberty of saying that 
two days previous to the writing of this page, Lieut. Gen. P. H. Sheri- 
dan, U. S. A., purchased one of our elegant No. 10, $200.00 Library 
Globes. He no doubt considei'ed it about the finest piece of work he 
had ever seen, or he would not have purchased it ! 

The special attention of Educators is called to our 8 and 12 inch 
Lunar Tellurian Globes, noticed on following pages, designed, in addi- 
tion to geographical purposes, to show the relations of Earth, Moon 
and Sun. These improvements are a marvel and a success, and reveal 
facts that most liberally educated men have neither understood nor 
been able to teach others ! 



[Note. — We wish to especially caution purchasers against Globes which are 
offered at suspiciouply low prices. It must be remembered that the durability of 
Globes and the expense of their manufacture, and consequently their prices, de- 
pend very largely upon the construction of the shell upon which the plate is 
mounted. The nature of this shell cannot be discerned from the outside, and 
Globes of the rnost worthless rnaterials are frequently offered for sale at prices 
below the cost of a good article. Such a Globe is easily ruined.] 



52 



A. H. Andi-eics £ Co., Chicago. 



6. The Horizons of Nos. 28, 29, 46 and 47 are on separate layers 
of wood glued together so as to cross grains, rendering them light and 
very strong. 

7. The 8 inch Globes are convenient for measurement, there be- 
ing 1000 miles to every inch on the surface. 

8. Twenty-four meridians are represented, which makes the 
reckoning of time very easy, there being one hour for each meridian. 




9. They are of the most convenient size for general use, and 
where provided with horizons or meridians, are movable on their 
equatorial axis, allowing of convenient inverting for examination of 
the Southern hemisphere. 

10. Parts representing water are colored blue, which, besides mak- 
ing a better looking globe, prevents their shoiving SignS of Wear. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



53 




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The cut is drawn from a photograph, but it is impossible to convey 
more than a general idea in outline, of the fine finish and coloring of 
our Globes. They are regarded as the finest in the country, being 
manufactured by ourselves, and under the personal supervision of some 
of the most experienced Globe makers in the United States. 

Note.— Our Library Globes, from 12 to 30-inch, are shipped in common cases, but furnished 
with neat rubber cover. 

N. B.— It is well to cover Globes when not in use. to keep the colors from fading- and from dust. 



54 



A. H. Anclretvs <£■ Co., Chicago. 



We are prepared to furnish goods at prices that defy 
competition in flrst-elass work. 

12-INCH GLOBES. 




Bracket Globe— Complete. 
No. 30 $33.00. 




High Eound Stand— Complete. 

No. 22. Brass $30.00, 

No. 33. Wood 2vOO. 



High Round Stand— Meridian. 

No. 24. Brass $27.00. 

No. 2^. Wood 22.00. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



55 



12-INCH GLOBES. 




Bracket Glotoe— Meridian. 
No. 31 $20.00. 



Bracliet Globe— Plain. 
No. 32 $16.00. 



These Bracket Globes are attached to the wall, thus preventing- 
the possibility of being upset. The Globes are easily detached for 
handling in the presence of the class, and can be instantly replaced. 




High Wood Stand— Plain. Low Bronzed Stand— Complete. 

No. 26 $18.00. No. 27 $30.00. 

No. 16, 18-inch Terrestrial or Celestial (new), mounted strong but 
plain, like No. 26, $50.00. 



;6 



A. H. Andretvs <& Co., Chicago. 




Low Wood Stand— Complete. 

No. 28. 1 2-Inch $33.00. 

No. 29. Same, with Compass... 35-oc>- 



8-INCH GLOBES. 





High Round Stand — Complete. 



Hiffh Round Stand — Meridian. 



No, 40. Brass $15.00. Xo. 42. Brass $13.00. 

No. 41, Wood 12.00. Xo. 43. Wood 10.00. 



Catalogue of School Merchatidise. 



8-INCH GLOBES. 





High Round Stand— Semi-Meridian. High Round Stand— Plain. 

No. 431^. Wood $9.00. No. 44. Wood $8.00. 





Low Bronzed Stand— Complete. 

No. 45 $15.00. 




Low Wood Stand— Complete. 
No. 46 $16.00. 

No. 47. Same, with Compass 1 7.00. 



Bracket — Complete. 

No. 48 $14.00. 

No. 49. With Meridian only, 12.00. 




Bracket — Plain. 
No. 50 $10.00. 



^S 



A. H. Andrews & Co.^ Chicago. 



We furnish with all S and 13-inch globes, an excellent new 
style Hinged Case, that can be fastened to the wall, forming a bOOk 
and apparatus case — see next page. Globe Manuals accompany 
all oflobes above 6-inch without charge. 



6-INCH GLOBES. 





High Stand— Meridian. 

No. 61. Wood 

No. 611/,. Semi-Meridian.... 6.00. 



High Stand — Plain. 

50. No. 63. Wood 




$5.00. 





Bracket— Meridian. 



No. 6c 



.50. 



Bracliet — Plain. Hemisphere Globes. 

No. 64. ... $5.00. No. 66 $5.00. 



5 and 3-INCH GLOBES. 




High Stand— Plain. 

No. 70. 5 in. $3.50. 




No. 75. 5 in. $3.50 




High Stand— Plain. 

No. 80. 3 in. $1.50. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



59 



These cuts show a very neatly arranged 
Hinged Globe Case (with lock and key), 
which is sent free with all 8 and 12 inch 
globes. It is easily arranged as a cabinet for 

the school-room, and 

can be placed on a 

shelf, or fastened to 

the wall by inserting 

two screws through 

the back just below 

the hinges. 

To the right is a 

cut showing the case 

open. The cut at, 

the left shows same 
closed and locked, as when used for transporting the globe, or closed 
at night or during vacation. 






Slated G-lotoes. 

For the Study of Map Drawing, Spherical Geometry, Trigonometry and NaTigation. 



i8 Inch, 

12 " 

12 " 

8 " 

8 " 

6 " 

12 » 

12 " 



Stand and Mountings like No. 26 



^540.00 

27 24.00 

26 18.00 



45- 
44. 
61. 



"Brass Stand (like cut). 
Wood Stand, " . 
Brass Stand, " 
Wood Stand, 



12.00 
8.00 
5.00 
25.00 
20.00 
12.00 
10.00 



6o 



A. il. Andretvs <£' Co., Chicago. 



The MacVicar Tellurian Globe. 




8-Inch, $40.00. - _ _ 12-Inch, $60.00. 

DESCRIPTION OF PARTS. 

A. The Globe. C. The Circle used to 

represent either the Horizon or Circle of Illumination. D. The Circle used to 
represent the limit of the Twilight Belt. M. A Prime Vertical. N. A Time 
Index. E. A ISIeridian. U. A Calendar Index. S. An Arc of the Sun's 
circumference on the same scale as the Globe. L. A Pointer indicating the sun's 
vertical rays. IX. Arm of Globe. V. Calendar and Zodiac. O. A Crank 
to throw the Globe in and out of gear. F, H. Inclination plate. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 6i 



The Mac Vicar Tellurian Globe 



Is the latest, simplest, and best device ever presented for illustrating 
Geography and the elements of Astronomy. It is the product of 
many years' experience in the class-room, and hence, is thoi'oughly 
practical. 

This globe is a Working Model of the earth in its relation to 
the sun. The horizon and other parts are so constructed that in every 
illustration the globe represents the earth's real position, and its rela- 
tion to the sun. 

It is so complete in its construction that it can be used by any 
teacher, and even by pupils twelve years of age. 

Every attachment can be readily removed; hence nothing need 
ever be used on the globe that is not necessary to illustrate the problem 
in hand. This enables the teacher to adapt his illustrations to the 
capacity and peculiar circumstances of his pupils. Complex problems 
can be presented in steps, and thus the naked truth be exhibited so 
that the most difficult points can be readily comprehended even by 
young pupils. 

The device unites in one apparatus, in the most convenient and 
substantial shape, and at much less expense^ the best form of Globe 
and the best form of Tellurian. It illustrates, also, in a more simple 
and philosophic manner than can be done by the use of both of these 
devices, all problems relating to the phenomena of Day and Night, 
change of Seasons, Twilight, Rising and Setting of the Sun, the ap- 
parent daily motion of the sun across the horizon, the motion of the 
Earth in its orbit, etc. 

The method of illustrating these and all other questions pertaining 

to Mathematical Geography and the Elements of Astronomy, 

is presented in the Hand-Book or Manual which accompanies each 
globe. The handbook is carefully and fully illustrated with cuts, 
which exhibit in a clear and simple majiner the course to be pursued 
in presenting each topic. 

The Manual, separate, price 50 cents. 

Special catalogue, giving full explanation of this wonderful inven- 
tion, sent on receipt of three cent stamp. 



62 



A. H. Andreivs <£• Co., Chicago. 



ANDREWS' Hew Lumr Tellurian. 




A Marvel of Ingenuity — A Triu7nph of Mechanical Skill — Simple, 
Durable, Cheap and Comprehensive — Furnishes more and better 
Illustratio7is than any similar Apparatus ever made, and ivith 
less Gearings and Adjustments. Will not get out of order — Any 
Teacher can Use it. 

Description of the Lunar Tellurian. 

A, the globe ball. S, arc of the sun's circumference, drawn upon the same scale as the g'lobe. 
Extend the arc S until a circle is completed and this circle shows the size of the sun upon the same 
scale as that of the globe representing- the earth. B, the circle of illumination, showing how far 
the sunlight extends. C, the twilight circle, showing how far the twilight extends. D, the moon 
ball, showing the light and dark hemispheres of the moon. The gearing at F, keeps the light 
hemisphere alwavs toward the sun. E, plate showing the inclination of the moon's orbit. G, a 
calendar index. L, pointer showing the positions of the sun's vertical ray. H, a longitudinal or 
time index, used to find time of sunrise and sunset, length of days, nights and twilights. J, the 
ecliptic. K, the equator. 

The Relationship of the Sun, Earth and Moon are forcibly 
Presented to the Eye, as follows: 

I. The causes of the change of seasons. 2. Day and night and why they vary in length at 
different seasons of the )'ear. 3. The twilights for all latitudes at any season of the 3'ear ; how 
and why they vary in length. 4. Why the sun rises north of east in summer and south of east in 
winter. 5. That ever perplexing subject, "Longitude and Time." 6. The revolution of the 
moon around the earth, and the earth around the sun at the same time. 7. The moon revolving in 
an elliptical orbit, showing apogee and perigee. 8. Showing the way the moon's nodes fall back 
in the ecliptic. 9. Showing the phases of the moon, also explanation of her librations in latitude 
and longitude. 10. Showing the moon above and below the ecliptic. 11. The " wet " and "dry" 
moons. :2. The passage of the sun and moon through the twelve signs of the zodiac. 13. The 
precession of the equinoxes. 14. The equation of time, sun slow and fast of clock, and the 
reasons why. 15. The philosophy' of the tides. 16. Eclipses, solar and lunar, total, partial and 
annular; why and when they occur ; why more solar than lunar eclipses, etc., etc. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



63 




This cut s/iOTVS the Lunar Tellurian Globe xvithout the day and night and tunlight 
circle. As now mounted it serves all the purposes of a common globe in combination 
ivith the motions and phases of the moon. 



Commendations of the Lunar Tellurian. 

Headquarters Illinois Teachers' Association, Springfield, Dec. 29, 1880. 
A. H. Andrews & Co. 

Gentlemen: Your New Lunar Tellurian Globe is a splendid apparatus for 
class use in illustrating Mathematical Geography. The relationships of the earth, 
sun and moon are well and clearly shown. The Globe has more merit and fewer 
defects than any similar apparatus we have ever seen. It is a credit to the in- 
ventor and manufacturer. Yours respectfully, 

M. L. Seymour, of Normal University, Bloomington. 

E. A. Gastman, Supt. Schools, Decatur, and Prest. 111. Teachers' Asso'n. 
D. S. Wentworth, Principal Cook Co., Normal School, Englewood, 111. 
Henry L. Boltwood, Prin. Ottawa Township High School, Ottawa, 111. 
M. Andrews, Superintendent City Schools, Galesburg, 111. 

Leslie Lewis, Superintendent Schools, Hyde Park, 111. 
J. Pike, " " Jerseyville, 111. 

W. H. Williamson, Principal " Havana, 111. 

R. W. Matthews. " " Chester, III. 

Geo. Blount, Superintendent, " Macomb, 111. 



I'rom Prof. Colbert, Astronomer of tbe Cbicagro Tribune. 

Chicago, May 2, 1S81. 
Messrs. A. H. Andrews & Co. 

Gentlemen: I have carefully examined your '-Lunar Tellurian," and am 
charmed with it. The apparatus may be used to illustrate many of the phenom- 
ena that are due to the movements of earth and moon, with reference to the sun, 
and convey a much clearer idea of the same than has hitherto been obtained by 
the great majority of those who have essayed to understand them. So far 
as t know, it is unequaled. Very respectfully, 

E. COLBERT. 

Introductory Price, 8-Inch, with Case and Hand-Book, $30. 



64 A. H. Andrews & Co., Chicago. 



Further Commendations of Andrews* Tellurian Globes. 



Galesburg, III., Nov. 5, 1881. 
Dear Sirs : Mr. J. W. Kenfield has had the kindness to show me jour 
Lunar Telkirian Globe, and for an hour, to make an exhibition of its capabilities. 
I was happily and agreeably surprised to see the large field that it covers in illus- 
tration, and also, the perfectness with which it performs its work. In my judg- 
ment, your Globe is i.vitJiout a rival., and its merits have not been half told. I am 
delighted with it, and shall never cease to speak the fitting Avord in its praise. 

J. V. N. STANDISH, 
Prof Mathematics and Astronomy, Lombard University. 

I fully concur in the above statement of Dr. Standish respecting the merits 
of Andrews' Tellurian Globe. N. WHITE, 

Prest. Lombard University. 

Galesburg, III., Oct. 31, 1881 
Dear Sir : I take pleasure in speaking favorably of the Lunar Tellurian 
Globe, the use of which you so kindly explained to me. It appears to be well 
adapted to illustrate the causes of the change of seasons, the diurnal motion of 
the earth, twilight, the phases of the moon, and many other phenomena difficult 
to explain to those who are unacquainted with mathematical terms. I cheerfully 
recommend this piece of apparatus to the notice of teachers of Elementary 
Astronomy. Yours truly, M. L. COMSTOCK, 

Prof of Mathematics in Knox College. 

I fully concur in the favorable opinions expressed by Prof Comstock con- 
cerning the Lunar Tellurian Globe. I consider it admirably adapted to the uses 
for which it was designed, and commend it with confidence to teachers and Boards 
of Education. NEWTON BATEMAN, 

Nov. I, 18S1. Prest. Knox College. 

Sedalia, Mo., June 14, 1881. 
Dear Sirs : Having examined Andrews' Lunar Tellurian Globe, I have 
no hesitancy in pronouncing it the most nearly perfect instrument of the kind I 
have ever seen. In durability, simplicity of construction, and in being so arranged 
in all its parts as to be readily understood by children, it is certainly a superior 
instrument. We should be glad to have one for use in our schools. 

Respectfully, D. R. CULLY, 

Principal of Public Schools. 

LaCross, Wis., July 11, 1879. 
Gentlemen : Your Lunar Tellurian Globe is the best piece of apparatus we 
have ever seen to present mathematical and astronomical geography. The illus- 
trations it furnishes are very clear and forcible. In construction it is simple, 
strong and durable, and in workmanship very superior. We strongly commend it. 
G. S. ALBEE, ALEX. KERR, 

W. H. CHANDLER, JAMES MAC ALISTER, 

O. S. WESTCOTT. 



Lawrence, Kan., March 2, 18S0. 
Gentlemen : This is to certify that for facility and simplicity of action, for 
the many problems illustrated, and the fine finish of apparatus, the Lunar Tellu- 
rian Globes surpass any I have seen. Every school proposing to give instruction 
in physical Geography or descriptive Astronomv should have one of these Globes. 
JAS. MARVIN, Chancellor of State University, 

and President of Faculty. 

State Normal School, ) 

River Falls, Wis., July 14, 1879. ) 
Gentlemen : I have examined the Lunar Tellurian Globe and believe it 
possesses superior merits. In the use of this Globe the possibilities are unequaled 
in important particulars, by any Globe heretofore offered to the public. 

W. D. PARKER. 



The Best Ei'aser ! 




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^^fiSi^a{Sa(£H^i£a^££^£^^:^i%«i?3SiS<P 



Try Them and See ! 



1. The wearing surface of Eraser is on the Edge of the felt, which 
makes it very EFFECTIVE, very DURABLE and free from dust. 

2. Cleans the board more thoroughly, and is longer in wearing 
out than any other Eraser. 

3. We knoiv this hy actual test made upon the Andrews Dustless 
and four others. 

4. Nearly all the dust is gathered and held. The spaces are for 
this purpose and also cause the eraser to ** take hold " of the Board. 

5. Easily cleaned by lightly rapping on a board. 

6. N. B.—The use of the ALPHA Dustless C BATONS with the 
Dustless Eraser, completely solves the problem of keeping free from 
chalk dust. 

N. B. — A neat blackboard rubber should be in the hands of eacA scholar -working at 
the board ! Time and attention of pupils are both wasted, and timid pupils are confused 
by the hunting about for the one solitary rubber among several scholars, who are work- 
ing at one time. The selfish, thoughtless or careless scholars keep it near them the 
most of the time, to the hinderance and perplexity of others. 

Many of our most observant and successful teachers say, " To enable my pupils to 
do their best at the board, I want the eraser as much at their control as the crayon." 

This is so. See a good scholar struggling to keep his mind on his work, and trying 
to quickly erase an error with his fingers, rather than to waste his time and distract his 
attention by hunting ior ^'- our one rubberP 

Price, per doz., put up in neat Cardboard Boxes, $1.80. 
Sample mailed, - - - - - 15 Cents. 

^"Furnished in lots— One Gross or more — at reduced rates. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



The MacVicar Tellurian Globe, 

With Lunar Attachment. 

Since commencing this catalogue, we have succeeded in attaching a Moon 
to the 12 inch MacVicar Globe, described on pages 60 and 61. This meets a want 
long existing, and enables us now to furnish a 12-inch globe for both Geographi- 
cal and Astronomical purposes, such as has no competitor in this country or 
Europe ! The price will remain the same as that without the moon, described on 
pages 60 and 61, and the construction and appearance are about the same. 

Price $60.00. 

Improved Brass Orrery. 



The Orrery shows the proportional size and 
relative position of the planets comprising the solar 
system, and their relative times of revolution around 
the Sun. Mercury, Venus, Earth and Moon, 
Mars, Jupiter w^ith its four moons, Saturn with its 
eight, Uranus with its six, Neptune with its two, 
are shown revolving each in its separate orbit 
around the sun. The instrument is invaluable in 
teaching the young the first prin- 
_^ ciples of Astronomy, and can 
W'' lie used to explain annual revo- 

lutions, eclipses, etc. 

No. 12. Brass Standard Orrery, Highly Finished $20.00 

No. 13. Next Best Finish 18.00 

Celestial Sphere. 

This instrument is designed to assist the 
student in Astronomy ; shov\^s the Concave 
Sphere, Meridians, Equator and Poles of 
the heavens, also the Zodiac divided into 
the signs and degrees and Ecliptic. It il- 
lustrates most of the foundation questions 
arising in the study of Astronomy. 

No. 15. Brass Mounted $15.00. 

Improved Gyroscope. 

No. 17. Brass, having 3 rings $15.00 

ImproTed Gyroscope. No. iS. " " 2 rings 12.00 




66 



A. II. Andrews & Co., Chicago. 



Andrews' Geared Tellurian. 




25.00 
20.00 



^'o. 8 A. Plated, -with compass, best, new cog-wheel movement, dis 

pensing with cord, complete, 

^"0. 8. Next best finish, with day circle and compass, brass, (see cut), 

The Tellurian is an instrument designed to illustrate all the 
phenomena resulting from the relations of Sun, Earth and Moon to 
each other, and show the causes of the following : 

1. Succession of Day and Night and their difference in length. 

2. Changes of the Seasons : Vernal Equinox, Summer Solstice, Autumnal 
Equinox and Winter Solstice. 

3. Changes of the Moon : New Moon, First Quarter, Full Moon, Third 
Quarter, with the intermediate phases. 

4. Solar and Lunar Eclipses — Partial and Total. 

5. Philosophy of the Tides ; their daily recurrence ; Spring and Neap 
Tides, etc. 

6. Precession or falling back of the Equinoxes. 

7. Differences of Solar and Siderial Time. 

8. Rising of the Sun north of east in Summer. 

Many other things will suggest themselves to the practical teacher. 
The recent improvements in gearing, compass attachment, finish, etc., 
render this one of the most useful and beautiful pieces of apparatus 
that any school room or college can possess. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



67 



"Really a splendid Chart, explanatory of every geographical term." — Irish Teachers' 'Journal. 
"By far the most complete and exhaustive Chart yet published." — Educational Chro7iicle. 

Andrews' School-Koom Chart 



Geographical Illustrations. 

Ne\r and Beautiful ! Engraved in London ! 



Just adapted to the the Public School ; the Private School ; the Family. 

How to Teach the Rudiments of Geography .? The question 

solved by this Elegant Chai-t. 



ANDREWS* SCHOOLROOM CHART OF GEOGRAPIHCAL ILLUSTRATIONS 




This Chart is " Object Teaching,''' and attracts the immediate 
attention of the Children. 

Grexxexr^.! 31>eiscxrxi:>t±03tx. 

This large Chart, one-half of which resembles a landscape paint- 
ing, virtually combines Nine Charts in one. The size is 65x54 in. 

Every division of land and water, and all the ordinary §["60- 
g'raphical objects are presented at a glance, saving the time and 
patience of the teacher. The common physical divisions of land and 
w^ater are photographed on the mind of the child instantly, and a thou- 
sand times more COrrectly and effectively than by oral or verbal 
descriptions alone. 



A. H. Andretvs t£ Co., Chicago. 



Across the top is shown a section of the Earth's CPUSt, giving 
the various elevations as compared with the sea level, such as the 
Volcano, Peaks, Sierra, Table-Land, Canyon, Bluff, Plain, Valley, 
Escarpment, Cliff, etc. 

In the center is a map of EuPOpe as best illustrating the subjects, 
and giving only names of the more prominent divisions, as Continent, 
Sea, Gulf, River, Island, Channel, Strait, etc. 

On either side of this Continental portion are sections, as follows: 
One, showing the relative heights of all the most important Mountain 
Peaks of the earth, with their names, in bird's eye view ; also are 
shown in different colors the Five ZoneS of the earth. Another sec- 
tion shows the earth as suspended in a dark blue space, surrounded by 
stars in the distance, and clouds in close proximity ; while on the spheri- 
cal surface is shown why the top-sail of a ship is seen before the hull 

appears. Next are shown the Eastern and Western Hemispheres 

in outline ; and again are given two Hemispheres on polar projection 
showing where there is a preponderance of land or water. There is 
also a section showing the Changes Of SeaSOnS, with the planes of 
the orbits of Earth, Venus and Mercury. The inclination of Earth's 
axis, is shown as well as light ancj shade caused by day and night. 
Another of these smaller sections gives a diagram of the relative 
lengths of the largest rivers of the New and Old Worlds; also an illus- 
lustration of the Mariner's Compass. 

The Landscape Picture. 

But we now come to the most beautiful and attractive portion 
of this admirable and comprehensive Chart. It consists of a large 
lithograph picture in soft colors, about 52x24 inches, giving a perspec- 
tive and bird's eye view of the surface of the earth. The prominent 
features are hei-e of course clustered together, but yet forming a natu- 
ral landscape. These features are indicated by figures and letters. 
There are in all, Forty-three of these natural divisions and phenom- 
ena of land and water, indicated in the key upon either side of the 
landscape. It is to be noticed that the letters of this key are so small 
that a pupil at the ordinary distance is unable to see them, and is there- 
fore compelled to resort to memory for the answers. Among these 
objects of interest are Volcanoes, Lava Streams, Glaciers, Icebergs, 
Coral Reef, Fumaroles, etc. 

No Chart of the kind ever issued in this country can at all com- 
pare with ♦* Andrews' Chart of Geog-raphical Illustrations!" 

Teachers and School Officers should call and see it, and then decide 
whether the above statement is true. The Chart is finely mounted on 
cloth back and rollers, and varnished. Price, $8.00. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



69 



Portable Blackboards, 

With a perfect Slated Surface, made from Andrews' Liquid Slating. 



ij'Lik I .sfoMyT^ arc Q/i&liom 



STYLE J^. 

Slated Cloth or Paper, Mounted on Rollers, with 

Hooks and Rings for Hanging up. 



SIZES. CLOTH. PAPER. 

No. I. 2x2 feet $ .80 $ .60 

" 2. 3x3 feet 2.00 

2.70 
3-40 
4-05 
4.70 
3.60 
4-So 
.5-40 
6.30 
.22 



3- 3x4- 

4- 3x5 

5- 3x6 
6. 3x7 

7- 4x4 

S. 4x5 

9 4x6 

10. 4x7 
Any size to order, per sq. ft. . 



'•§5 
i.So 
2.25 
2.70 

3-!S 
2.40 
3.00 
3.60 
4.20 
•15 



Music Lines, extra... 1.00 



STYLE IT. 
Portable Blackboards with Stretchers. 
Paper, with Rings or Hanging. 

SI/-E3. CLOTH. 

No. I. 2x2 feet $1.50 

2.50 

3-3° 
4.00 
4-SS 
5.60 
4-2S 
5.20 
6.30 
730 



2. 


3x3 " 


3- 


3x4 " 


4- 


3x5 " 


S. 


3x6 " 


6. 


3x7 " 


7- 


4x4 " 


S. 


4x5 " 


9. 


4x6 " 


0. 


4x7 " 



Cloth or 



1.20 
I.So 
2.40 
3.00 

3-So 
4.00 

3-2S 
3-7° 
450 
5.20 



i8[[Pif(Brfi|ii;)( 

]^)^yijrlct/odLWoR(Eiis, 

LEC/ll(^Ef\S^^F)l^^lLl£' 



Style F. 
Extended for Use. 



Music Lines, extra 1.00 

This Stretcher consists of a light frame, 
upon which a strong Cloth Flexible Black- 
board is stretched like a drum-head when 
in use, so as to receive the crayon easily, 
while folding compactly for carrying or 
packing. 

This Stretcher on Cloth thoroughly Folded for Carrying-. 

slated on both sides, gives two boards in one. It is convenient, cheap and durable, 
and as it takes the place of the roller and moulding of the ordinary Blackboard, 
adds little or nothing to its Aveight or bulk. Cloth boards are slated both sides. 

Our Flexible Paper Boards have an excellent surface, slated on one side only, 
and are very durable. They can also be rolled up and easily carried. 



STY'LE B. 
Blackboards of Wood, with Ash or Wal- 
nut Frame. 

No. I. 2 x3 feet $3-5° 

" -2. 21^x31^ " S-2S 

" 3' 3 X4>2 " 700 

" 4- 3^^-=; " 9-50 

" 5. 4 x6 " . . 12.00 

Music Lines, extra. i.oo 

This Board is like " D " with- 
out the Standards. 




A. JET. Andreivs tf; Co., CJiicago. 



New Home Blackboard and Easel. 




Blackboard.— The panel of the Blackboard is made of light and tough fapier 
itmc/ie, with an enamel facing, which is covered, both sides, with our best quality 
Liquid Slating (recently improved), making a hard, smooth, and very durablie 
surface, easily erased. Size, about 2x3 feet. 

The Easel "is finely finished of smooth hard wood. The cut below shows it 
folded for shipping. 

For Artists' Use. 
This jBasel is specially adapted for this purpose. It is made in sections by 
use of ferrules, reducing the length one-half, or to 34 inches. It can thus be 
easily carried about for landscaping. For this use the cross-bar is not needed, but 
there is furnished a clamp for hold- 
ing the canvas firmly, while at out- 
door work. Artists consider it the 
handsomest, most convenient and 
cheapest of the kind, yet produced ! 





R-eversible Blackboard. 

Style D. (Improved.) 



No. 1. 3 -KiVz feet, with Stand $12.00 

No. 2. 35^x5 " " '5'°° 

No. 3. 4 x6 " " 18.00 

No. 4. 3 ■x.^'% " " 13.50 



Music Lines, Extra i.oo 

This Blackboard is by far the most 
complete and perfect of any made. Both 
sides are finished; it may be reversed 
instantly. Our Improved "D" Board, 
Reversible, can be taken apart in a 
moment. 

Description. — The Board is of thin 
wood, kiln-dried, and well made. The 
frame is of ash or black walnut. Fig. 
I, shows the iron screw, acting also as 
a pivot, at each end. Fig. 2, the rail, 
grooved for holding the crayons and 
erasers. Fig. 3, the iron braces attached to the rail, which connect with the standards 
bv slides similar to an ordinary bed rail, so as to be easily taken out for shipment. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



71 



Liquid Slating for Blackboards. 

The Oldest ! Most Popular ! Cheapest and Best / 




Produces a Perfect Slate Surface. One Gallon Covers about 250 Square Feet. 

Directions for Applying Sent With Every Can. 



It makes a smooth and durable surface when applied to plaster 
(hard-finish), paper, boards, old blackboards or walls; and either com- 
mon Chalk, Alpha Dustless Crayons, or Slate Pencils can be used. 
It is equal to the Stone Slate surface, as it does not become greasy, 
and is not easily scratched. It is warranted not to crack, blister or 
glaze when applied to a suitable surface according to directions. It is 
impervious to water and cannot scale or rub off. Pencil and crayon 
marks can be erased with perfect ease. The color will never change ; 
and on the black, green or gray surface a pencil mark can be seen from 
any angle in the school-room. The slating may be applied during 
school-hours, as it dries in a few minutes and hardens in a day. 

Prices of Liquid Slating. 



Black, Hints $ i 25 I 

" Quarts 223 | 

" Half-Gallons 425 | 

" Gallons S 00 | 



Green, Blue or Gray, Pints $ I Jo 

" " Quarts 300 

Half-Gallons 5 5° 

'• " Gallons 1000 



This Slating is shipped in cans holding from one pint to ten gallons, 
also by the barrel, having full directions for applying with a flat 
Camel's hair brush. It can be put on by any one who knows how to 
use a brush. This slating has been recently improved and is much 
superior to that formerly made, gives a smoother surface, making 
work at the blackboard a delight. 

Andrews' Slating is prepared with the best Grain Alcohol, instead 
of some cheaper material of which much of the so-called slating in 
the market is made, and which soon rubs or washes off. Our slating 
is sfuaranteed as the best article to be found. 



A. H. A^ndrews t€' Co., Chicago. 



The hard-finish plaster should be dry before the slating is put on, 
otherwise it may flake,which 
will not happen if the wall 
is thoroughly dry and prop- 
erly prepared. Flat Camel's/ 
Hair Brushes, finest quality, 
from 2 to D}4 iiiches wide, 
per inch, 50 cents; 6 inches 
and over, per inch, $1.00. Camel's Hair Mottler. 




Slated Blackboard Material. 



B ^f c y^ s fe^gfea eg^ 






^^^^yv^^ ^ ^^^^^^^^^^ i^ ^ '^ 






Our Slated Paper is of the best Manilla, with smooth surface. It 
has three coats of our best. Improved Liquid Slating upon one side 
only. The color is of Black, Green, Dark Blue, or Gra}-, as preferred. 
It is useful for tacking upon a smooth surface where a permanent 
blackboard is not desired, or where something cheap is wanted. 

The Slated Cloth is finished to be used on both sides, and is 
very durable. Both the Paper and Cloth are three and four feet 
wide, and of any length. 

.In placing on the wall, tack well on one end, stretching smooth as 
m laying a carpet. Then along the edges put tacks, one every six or 
eight inches; afterward, put strips of moulding, or thin wood, say 2 
inches by one-half inch, over the outer edges, flat-wise, using say, six- 
penny nails. These strips firmly fastened will keep the paper or cloth 
smooth. It may also be well to nail narrow, perpendicular strips, 
every six feet or more across the blackboard for the same purpose. 
Both the Manilla and Cloth are in great demand for blackboard pur- 
poses, and give much satisfaction, especially where the Alpha Dustless 
Crayons are used. The Cloth grows smooth by use. 

PRICE: 

Slated Paper, per Square Yard $1.00 

Cloth, (Black only), per Square Yard 1.50 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



73 



Stone Slate Blackboards. 

Many prefer the real Slate Boards for use. They are more 
expensive, but make a beautiful and permanent surface. We can furnish 
these in sections, 3x3 feet, or 3x4 feet, each. Three, side by side, will 
make a board 9 feet or 12 feet long. They are placed against the wall 
on the wainscoting, and a frame, with trough for crayons, etc., can 
be made by a carpenter. Or, better still, these sections can be set in 
the plaster when the building is first put up. The weight is about five 
pounds per square foot; thickness about half inch. The slate is of the 
very best quality. 



Importance of a Good Blackboard. 

No one article of apparatus for the school-room is more indis- 
pensable than the blackboard. It is the public bulletin-boai'd. It is 
the tablet for recording mental processes of the pupils. It is the mile 
stone indicating the rate of progress. It is the mirror reflecting the 
workings, character and quality of the individual mind. It is the chief 
auxiliary of the teacher ; the aid-de-camp, the monitor, the guide. It 
is important that such an article should be. properly made, so that good 
work may be done, and without embarrassment to pupil or teacher. 

In selecting the style of board, parties must use their own judg- 
ment after referring to our lists. We have endeavored to provide the 
greatest possible variety for all requirements. 

In large schools the boards should be renewed as often as need be, 
which can readily be done by the use of our Liquid Slating, especially 
where the board forms part of the hard-finished wall. 



From Ira Mayhew, L.L. D., President of Business College, Detroit. 

Detroit, Mich., January, 1881. 
Gentlemen: Inclosed, find check in payment for Slating recently received. 
A Blackboard of your Liquid Slating, on a hard-finish wall, gives the best 
satisfaction of anything I have ever used in the way of blackboards. 

Respectfully yours, 
A. H. ANDREv^^s & Co., IRA MAYHEW. 

195 Wabash Ave., Chicago, III. 



A. H. Andreivs & Co., Chicago. 



Andrews' Magic Blackboard Eraser. 

the handsomest ever made ! 

Advantages : 

1. A new erasing surface can be secured with- 
out removing the handle. 

2. We use heavy plush Axminster Carpet -.vhich 
is much more durable than Velvet or Wilton, and 
will outlast several erasers made with Brussels 
Carpeting. 

3. It has ROUND, FIRM EDGES, and while one 
figure can be erased without disturbing others, there 
are no sharp corners to become ragged and 
scratch the board. 

4. It is perfectly firm, has no springs or other 
unsubstantial parts. 

5. The handle has no liability to split as in other 
adjustable erasers. 

6. It has no screws or tacks to scratch the board. 

7. It is very clean for the hand. 

8. It is very strong, the fastenings at the end being not of iron but of steel. 

9. It is the handsomest eraser ever offered, and we depend solelv upon its 
merit and usefulness for the public patronage. 

Directions for Use. 
The rounded edge of the handle holds the covering in its place. 
When the surface becomes worn, turn the handle aside (see illustra- 
tion above,) slip the cover around, bringing a newr portion of the cover 
to the wear; then replace the handle. 

Mail Transportation the Cheapest. 
On receipt of 35 cents we will mail this Rubber as a sample, 
postage paid. 




Map and Blackboard Pointers, (Hardwood, Mapie or mckory.) 

fVitli or ITitbont liineal measure. 

^111 iff' • 



Price of Pointer, Plain, '.S5 Cents. 



|^^^^j^|h.,„p.,,,.|3,,.l^,..lf,..l',.,..g..,...V,„|-. 



Price of Pointer witb liineal Measure, 30 Cents. 

For map-drawing and other work requiring the measurement of 
distances on the board, we furnish pointers with the scale of feet and 
inches correctly marked. Both styles of the same size and length, 
and are convenient for common school use on maps or blackboards. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



ExactsizeofALP HA Dustle ss Crayon 

How to get rid of Chalk Dust. 

"The work on blackboards should be erased as little as possible while the 
school is in session. The breathing of the chalk-dust filling the room from the 
boards, is said to be a most active excitant of bronchial and pulmonary diseases." 
— The Teacher, July, 1881. 

But the problem is now solved, and we now assure teachers 
and parents that a fruitful source of dirt, dUSt and disease in the 
school-room is removed by the use of the new 

^LPHA (];rayon. 

It is nothing new to assert that for years there has been needed a 
dustless crayon, which should be perfectly satisfactory. Chalk is 
out of the question ; the dust and dirt are abominable for hands, clothes 
and lungs. The old "steatite" was better. It was "dustless," but too 
soapy. It remained for the Alpha DustleSS Crayon to relieve the 
school-room from the dust nuisance. It also makes a clear, white 
mark, and does not scratch the board. It can be used at an}'- kind of 
board, whether cloth, paper or wood. It OUtwearS Six Chalk Cray- 
OnS. It is therefore the cheapest as well as neatest crayon we 
have ever seen. It does not soil hands or clothing in the least. 

This crayon is the result of a great amount of experiment and 
testing. But it has been in use long enough by the leading teachers in 
this country to prove it an unqualified success. Sainple sent on 
application. The crayons are shipped in single gross boxes or case lots. 
PRICE— 75 cts. per Gro. 5 Gro. for $3.50. Sent in lots of 5, 10, or 25 Gro. 

One of the many now using these Crayons, writes : 
It gives me great pleasure to say, that the Crayons furnished are greatly supe- 
rior to any we have ever before used. They leave no dust on the blackboards, 
nor do they make the siirrounding atmosphere tin healthy by the diffusion of 
minute particles which the pupils must inhale. Last week, at a meeting of the 
trustees and teachers of three townships, held in the public school-house in this 
place, the unanimous verdict rendered was as above. 

Since the introduc- 



tion of the round Al- 
pha Crayon it has been 
found so superior to all 
others that demands have been made upon us for square Crayons of 
the same kind for general use, but more especially for Lecture-Rooms 
and Sunday-Schools, as they are invaluable for making broad marks 
and for shading. We manufacture these crayons in two sizes, viz: i 
inch sqr., and ^ inch sqr. Length same as the Alpha Round Crayon. 

PRICES— >^ -Inch square Alpha Crayons, per box, 24 Crayons, 50 cts. 

1 " " " " " " 6 " 50 " 




A. a. Andreivs & Co., Chicago. 



Colored Crayons. 



Nine Assorted Colors or Shades- 
Per Gross, in Boxes 



S1.50 



Common Chalk Crayons, bj Gross or Case lots of 50 and 100 Gross 
each. Lowest price given according to quantity, on application. 




THE CRAYON HOLDER. HALF SIZE. 

Where the common chalk crayon is used, a convenient and durable 
crayon holder is a necessity ; but those who use the DustleSS Crayon 
will need no contrivance of this kind to prevent soiling their hands 
while w^orking at the blackboard. The crayon holder, illustrated 
above, is adapted to receive an entire crayon (which should be inserted 
small end iirst). It is light and pleasant to touch, and cannot soil the 
dress or fingers, while it is short enough to be held easily and naturally 
in the hand, as a crayon. Being made entirely of wood, it will not 
scratch the blackboard. In utilizing the small pieces of crayons 
which cannot be held in the fingers it will quickly save more than its 
cost. Price, per doz. 75 cents. Sample mailed iox ten cents. 




Handsome, Nickel Plated, with steel point, 
and adjustable holder for crayons. 
Length of legs about iS inches. 
These are the finest compasses that are made. 

Trice $2.00 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



77 



Andrews' Noiseless School Slates. 

-i^rSS^^^^^^^^iv I. The Frame is of hardwood 

thoroughly framed and glued at the 
corners. 

2. Over the outer edges and cor- 
ners (see cut) is firmly attached by a 
patent process, the corded duck web- 
bing of bright color, very attractive 
arid making this slate entirely noise- 
less. 

3. This material is manufactured 
expressly for the purpose, and is 
five to ten times as durable as the 
flimsy felt goods found in the market. 

4. The frame is han,dsomely or- 
namented or figured. 




l/\fslDF^WS 

(pchool^/',ate. 




Single. 

5. One side of the frame is marked off into inches, eighth and 
sixteenth inch measurements like a rule. The other side of frame has 
the measurements of the Metric System up to 20 Centimetres. 

6. The frame is finely finished and varnished, which can be said 

of NO OTHER SLATE. 

7. The Slate itself is of the best quality of stone to be found in 
this or any other country. 

Prices of the New "A" Slates: 

, Per Dozen. , Doz. in Case. Per Case. 

Size. Sing^le. Double. Sing-le. Double. Sin. or Dbl. 

5x 7 $2 40 $4 80 18 9 $43 00 

6x 9 3 00 6 00 12 6 36 00 

7x11 360 720 10 5 36 00 

8x12 4 20 8 40 8 4 33 60 

Assorted Cases Containing 
2 doz. 5x7; 3 doz. 6x9; 3 doz. 7x11; I doz. 8x12, Singfle Slates, or 
I doz. 5x7; 1% doz. 6x9; \% doz. 7x11; % doz. 8x12, Double Slates, $28 80 
We also furnish them in Assorted Cases, containing- one-half single and one-half double slates. 



78 



A. H. Andrews cC Co., Chicago. 



Andrews' Noiseless Drawing Slates. 

These Slates are intended to amuse as well as instruct 

children, and are suitable for use in schools and families. All children 
love to draw, and are continually copying on their slates such simple 
pictures as they can find. 

Andrews' Drawing- Slates supply them not only with the surface 
to draw upon, but with large numbers of simple and attractive pictures 
for cop^'ing. 

The cut represents one 



side of a slate and its frame, show- 
ing samples of the 150 different 
copies found on these slate frames. 

These pictures are not only 
pleasing in themselves, but con- 
vey much interest and useful in- 
formation in regard to forms of| 
plants, flowers, animals, and archi- 
tectural and classic figures and 
ornaments. 

They have been accurately 
drawn by a well-known artist — - 
the plants and animals from na- 
ture, and the classic and archi- 
tectural forms from the best au- 
thorities — and carefully engraved 
in outline. 






ofse]ess 



^LATE 



*€'''■ 


.csi 


i 









Price List of the Drawing Slates. 

No. I. Elementary Size, 5x7 each, 40 cents. 

JNo. 2. Common Objects and Animals " rx7 " 40 cents 

No. 3. Architectural ■..;■.■.■.■.■.■.: •' 6x9" 4S cents.' 

No 4^ Classic and Floral .< g^^u ^^ cents. 

Assorted. Cases, contammg : 3 doz. No. i; 3 doz. No. 2; I'X doz No %• 
il^ doz. No. 4 „i. 




per case, $45.00. 



Kindergarten Slate. 

Slates, ruled in quarter- inch squares for 
the Kindergarten, or ruled as in copy-books 
for use of young children in writing, furnished 
to order. 

Patent slate markers, with four pomted 
steel prongs, for ruling slates, 3-16 in. apart, 
per dozen, . - - $12.00. 

Same, i^ in. apart, per doz, - - 15.00 



Catalogue of School Mercfiantlise. 



79 



Slate Drawing Book, 

For Slate or Blackboard. 

No Paper, Lead Pencil nor Mubber Required ! 



A work long wanted for instruction in Drawing on the Slate, embracing 

Straight and Curved Lines, Familiar Objects, Animals, &c., with 

several pages of definitions and directions, for Pupil 

and Teacher. 



American Children are sadly deficient in off-hand drawing, letter- 
ing, sketching, &c., and generally remain so through life. This book 
is intended to remedy this by systematic practice, while the fingers are 
easy to train, and during the spare moments usually lost in the Primary 
and Intermediate Schools. It is beautifully printed in white, and 
bound durably in a handsome and attractive manner, and will be found 
superior to drawing cards, which are expensive and liable to become 
lost. It is a live book wherever introduced, a delight to the children, 
and as indispensable as the Slate or Primer. An examination is all 
that is desired. 

We give a few illustrations of the more than 250 from this 
cliarmins: little book. 




Taken from Andrews' Slate Drawing Book. 

For the purposes of self-instruction, it will be found superior to 
any thing else to be had at many times itS price. The accompany- 
ing illustrations give some idea of the plan of the book, but the entire 
book should be examined to be understood and appreciated. 

There are many to be found who will ask, "Of what use is Draw- 
ing as a study ?" We might reply to them, as to the one objecting to 
the Bunker Hill monument : Of what use is anything" ? Is any- 
thing" of use' or value .? If drawing is useless, so is writing, for there 
is often more in a picture than in a page of written or printed matter. 
But that is of little consequence as an argument for cultivating this 



8o A. H. Andretvs <£• Co., Chicago, 

art. Di-awing educates the eye, the hand, the memory, the imagin- 
ation. 

Many a business man would be able to communicate his ideas to 
far better advantage, if he could but draw imperfectly. A plot of 
ground is to be described, the relative position of his property, such as 
houses or lots, the course of streets, etc. Or, a machine needs describ- 
ing : no words, written or spoken, can convey in an hour, so correct an 
idea of the mechanism, as can be done in three minutes with pencil and 
paper, in the hands of one who can draw ! 

Drawing 7nust be cultivated. In these days, the education of no 
one is complete without some knowledge of this too much neglected 
branch ; and childhood is the time to commence. 

We quote a few sensible words on this subject from the Boston 

Herald : 

Perhaps no expenditure made bj the school board is the subject of more ad- 
verse criticism, than that which is made for the purpose of giving lessons in draw- 
ing. To many persons, money spent in this way seems little better than money 
thrown away ; and yet, as a matter of fact, instruction of this kind is of far more 
practical worth than a great deal that is taught in our public schools. It may 
seem nonsensical to make little stars and cubes, but everything must have a begin- 
ning, and the simpler it is the better. It is not to develop future artists that drawing 
is taught, but to make intelligent mechanics. Now-a-days, it is customary to draw 
out, in advance, a plan of almost every mechanical work that is undertaken, and 
the ability to do this is of immense benefit to workmen in scores of different 
trades. Public expense must be cut down in all directions, but it is to be hoped 
that the pruning-knife will cut no deeper here than it does in other places. 

Also the following from the American yournal of Education : 

Take a hundred carpenters that have been well taught in the elements of 
drawing, and another hundred who have no knowledge of drawing, and the earn- 
ings of the first hundred will exceed the earnings of the second by at least fifty 
dollars a day, or more than fifteen thousand dollars a year. And what is true of 
the carpenter is true of many other artizans. 

"Prof. Huxley thinks that every child that is to be good for anything in art 
or science, or in anything, except the merest drudgery, ought to learn to draw; 
not to make fine pictures, perhaps, but to be able to sketch with some degree of 
exactness and quickness. He says that this requires no especial talent, for any- 
body who can learn to write can learn to draw. A knowledge of drawing adds 
much to one's happiness through life even if the art is seldom pacticed, in enabling 
us better to appreciate the beauties of nature in all her forms. The Kindergarten 
method is, — to practice straight lines for a considerable time, beginning with half- 
inch lines, and making them gradually longer, first vertical lines, then horizontal, 
then oblique." 

We will only add that the price of this little book will scarcely 
more than meet the expense of publication. Sample copies mailed at 

Retail Price, 15 cents ; Per doz. $1.20 ; by mail, $1.40. 



Other Words of Cotmnendation. 

Chicago Evening Journal, July 27. 
* * * * publish a second edition of their little book of 

drawings, suitable for reproduction on slates, in schools and families. The draw- 
ings are of an outline character, easily traced by an intelligent child, and will tend 
to educate the eye and the hand in this useful and ornamental acquirement. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



8i 



From Chas. Northend, the distinguished Author and School Su- 
perintendent, New Britain, Conn.: 

The little Drawing Book came duly to hand. I am much pleased with it. It 
seems to be just what our elementary schools need, and I think we shall give it a 
trial when our schools are open. 



Probably no man, of any general culture, who has not been taught drawing 
in his youth, ever reaches thirty years of age, now-a-days, without repenting a 
hundred times, that he was not taught. The occasions for its use occur so fre- 
quently, that one is constantly wondering that teaching it in the schools w^as not 
begun before. One of the most useful of little books in connection with this sub- 
ject, is "Andrews' Progressive Slate Drawing Book." * * * 

* * * It is designed for the use of beginnA-s, and more ad- 

vanced pupils, in drawing in schools and families, and contains all the designs of 
Andrews' Noiseless Slate. It is made carefully progressive, and contains some 
valuable hints to teachers, who, by-the-way, need not be accomplished themselves 
to use this valuable little book with profit to their pupils. The present is the sec- 
ond edition, and will be found considerably improved over the first, valuable as 
that was. — Sat. Eve. Herald. 



Rome, Wis. 
Your copy of the " Slate Drawing Book " received, for which accept thanks 
not only for the copy of the work, but in behalf of the many pupils of this country, 
who have been compelled to sit idle in the school-room because of the inability of 
the teacher to give them work that would interest them. Your little book just 
fills the vacant space in the primary pupil's school life, and makes the idle hours 
that only created disgust with the school-room and its labor, hours of pleasure 
and profit. As a drill to the hand, a preface to, and in connection with, the study 
of penmanship, I deem the work invaluable. A child that can draw straight lines 
at any angle and bisect them, has already obtained an accurate idea of slant, space, 
and comparative size, and acquired control of the hand, such as will enable him, 
in a very short time, to become more than an ordinary penman. Secondly, it cul- 
tivates the habit of close observation, as well as all other perceptive faculties. 
Exercises from this little work, properly conducted, will, I think, be an incentive 
to neatness and order, not only in the school-room, but in the future life of the 
pupil. Third, the price of the work places it in the reach of all, and I hope to see 
it in the hands of every teacher in the country, and used in their school-rooms. 

C. J. Collin. 



Advance, August 15. 
Drawing for youth in the country public schools or in the graded grammar 
schools was not to be thought of a few years ago. It is now a popular branch 
with both teachers and pupils. It is introduced with profit even in some of the 
primary schools. Great improvement has been made in text-books, models, etc., 
and nothing we have seen is better adapted to the purpose than Andrews' Pro- 
gressive Slate Drawing Book. As a boy ourselves, it would have been amuse- 
ment and study combined, to make use of such a text- book. Indeed, the outline 
drawings are pretty enough for models in the culture of taste. We are almost 
disposed to call the book Primary Lessons in Esthetics. But at the same time all 
the lessons are eminently practical and start with the exact and elemental principles. 



We have received a copy of a new edition of this attractive little book, which 
has been revised by Prof. McGregor, of the Platteville Normal School, and is 
issued by A. H. Andrews & Co., Chicago, in a very attractive form. It contains 
over 250 small illustrations for drawing practice, commencing with straight lines 
and proceeding in regular progression to more elaborate sketches of figures, ani- 
mals, leaves, etc., with definitions and instructions in abundance. It cannot fail to 
be a great help to the important study of drawing at school or at home, and Is sold 
at the very low price of fifteen cents. — Beloit Free Press. 



82 A. a, Andrews <C Co., Chicago. 

School Rulers. 

These Rules are twelve inches iu length, of hardwood, 
varnished, accurately stamped on beveled side, in black. 
The wide rules are i]^ inches wide and have inch and 
eighth inch measui-ements ; also the metric measurement 
up to 20 centimetres. 

The cut is from a photograph. 

Prices of School Rules, wide, inch and metric meas- 
ure, per gross ^in doz. boxes), $4.20, 13 in box. Per doz. 
48 cents. Narrow Rules, ^ inch wide with inch and 
eighth inch measurement, 24 in box, per doz, 36 cents. Per 
gross, $3.60. 

School Inks— Black or Violet. 

The best School Ink made. Will not corrode or mould ; 
is not injured by freezing; changeless in color. Black ink 
flows jet black from the pen. 

1 Gallon in jugs $ 2 . 00 

2 Gallons " 3.50 

3 Gallons in kegs with faucet 5.00 

5 Gallons ' " " 7 . 50 

10 Gallons ' " " 13.50 

20 Gallons " " " 25.00 

40 Gallons " " " 45.00 








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Slate Pencils. 



Union, 6 1^^ -inch, paper, covered in Red, White and Blue, pointed, 
lOO in box, yo cents. 

German, 5 3^ -inch, pointed, 100 in box, 25 cents. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 83 



New Mottoes for the School-Room. 

Mottoes which may be hung up in sight of the scholars, when 
appropriately selected, have a decidedly moral effect. They may be 
hung by a cord like a picture, after perforating the upper corners, or 
they may be tacked upon the wall. In some cases it may be well to 
exhibit but one, two, or three at a time, and to call attention to such as 
have special application to some particular delinquency on the part of 
an offending pupil. The moral precept or motto may then be the 
subject of a brief remark by the teacher, either in public or private. 
Or, the motto will serve as a constant monition, incentive, or encoui"- 
agement to the whole school. The following have been selected with 
care. Set No. i for District schools, and No. 2 for Higher grade 
schools. 

No. I, printed on heavy, colored cardboard ; size of cards, 71^ 
inches by 14 inches ; printed with showy black letters that can be 
seen across the school room. Per set, put up in packages, $1.00. 

The mottoes are as follows, printed on twelve cards as numbered : 

7. Make a Good Rule and Keep it. 
2. Know Thyself; Honor Thyself. 
8. Do the Next Thing. I will Try. 
4. Do not Swear. Guard the Tongue. 
5. Be Faithful. Life is Short. 
6. I am Late. Sloth Impoverishes. 
7. I Am Early. Diligence Enriches. 
8. Not Who I Am, but What I Am. 
9. Be Kind and Be Polite. 

10. Be Honest and Be Earnest. 
7 7. Be Truthful. God Sees Me. 
12. You Can if You Will. Labor Conquers. 

No. 2. For High Schools ; large and showy ; in colors and 
bronzed. Varnished so as to be easily washed off when soiled ; suit- 
able for framing. The finest set of mottoes for the price ever pub- 
lished. Size, 14 inches by 22 inches, on stout cardboard; Price $2.50. 
Sold separately for 25 cents each. 

sssi? 3\ro. 2. 

7. Scorn to Do a Mean Act. 
2. Do to Others as You Would Have Them Do to You. 
3. Do What You Ought, Come What May. 
4. You are Known by the Company You Keep. 
5. Learning is Better than Riches. 
6. A Fault is Made Worse by Trying to Conceal It. 
7. Not Genius, but Industry Wins. 
8. Little Strobes Fell Great Oaks. 
9. Constant Occupation Prevents Temptation. 
10. Nothing is Difficult to Him Who Wills. 
1 1. Learn to be Systematic. 

12. Unmerited Honors Never Wear Well. 



84 



A. IT. Andreivs *£ Co., Chicago. 



REWARDS OF MERIT, 



OR 



Aids To School Discipline. 




CONSISTING OF 

Merit Cards, 

Cheeks and 

Certificates 

A SUBSTITUTE FOR 

School Records, Reports and Prizes. 



/Veuj and Beautiful Designs in 3 or 4 Bright Colors, With Mottoes. 

The Mottoes are as follows : The loo Merits, "Nothing Difficult to Him Who 
Wills." The 25 Merits, "Punctuality, Attention, Diligence." 5 Merits, "Love, 
Purity, Obedience." i Merit, "Try Ag'ain." }i Merit, "Try." The two latter repre- 
sent a bird spreading its wings, and, with beak open, reaching for a head of wheat 
on the stalk, thus illustrating the motto, "Try!" 

The Aids rnay be used in various ways. This is convenient: In the morn- 
ing give each pupil a Card (5 merits), representing a ferject day, to be forfeited 
for misdemeanor, or failure in recitation. Single Merits and Half Merits are 
for pupils who fail to retain their Cards and are yet worthy of some credit. Five 
Cards held by any pupil are exchanged for a Check (25 Merits), representing a 
perfect school -week. Four Checks are exchanged for a Certificate of Merit, 
representing 100 merits, or a perfect mo7ith. These Certificates bear the pupil's 
name, and are signed by the teacher. The number held shows the pupil's standing. 

If prizes or medals are awarded at close of session, it will be easy to decide 
where they belong ; the decision being made by each pupil showing his Cards 
and Certificates, no idea of favoritism can arise. 

It is needless to discuss the value of proper incentives, for either children or 
adults. The use of millions of these Aids.with the approval of teachers, parents 
and pupils, proves that they are doing great good. The Aids naturally and inevit- 
ably awaken a lively paternal interest, for the pupil takes home with him the wit- 
ness of his daily conduct and progress. 

These new cards are of entirely new and beautiful design, far more attractive 
than our old Aids, which had their day and were extensively used. The new ar- 
rangement is much better than the old, as there are more than double of the smaller 
denominations. They are put up in handsome boxes, and are sold at a very low 
price, considering the number and quality of the cards. 

The Certificates are prizes which the pupils will cherish. Single Merits and 
Half-Merits are printed on cardboard; Cards and Checks on heavy paper, and may 
be used many times— hence the system is cheap. They are put up in sets of 500, 
there being 40 Certificates, 80 Checks, 130 Cards, 125 Merits and 125 Y^ Merits. 

PRICE, per set (mailed) $| .25 



Supplied separately (by mail), Half-Merits'.V.'.V. '.'.'.'... per "hundred, 

^'j " " Sing-le Merits " 

J, " " Cards (fives) 

j^ " Checks (twenty-fives).. 

" Certificates (hundreds) 



15 
15 
25 
35 
70 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



8S 



Johnston's National Series 



LARGE SCHOOL MAPS. 



Engraved and Published by W. & A. K. Johnston, Geographers, Engravers and Printers to the 

Queen, Edinburg. 



Most complete and handsome School Maps ever published. Latest and best. 
No others that can compare with them. 

This well-known series possesses the following advantages : 

From the great demand, thej are constayitly at press, and no map is ever 
printed without being thoroughly revised. Thej are new and authentic, showing 
the latest Geographical Discoveries and Political Changes in every part of the 
world. The maps are printed by stemn in permanent Oil Colors. The whole series 
of one uniform and convenient size, namely, 50x42 inches. Designed to be used 
in connection with any text-book on Geography. Names are all engraved in 
plain Roman letters. The maps are all engraved on Copper Plates, by which means 
lines and letters are shown with greater beauty and distinctness than in any other 
way. They are handsomely colored by States and Nations, have heavy cloth 
backs, are mounted on rollers, and varnished, the best materials only being used. 

Any map sold separately. 

THE GRAND SET— 7 Maps, as follows: 



Size. 

The Hemispheres (Eastern and Western) 50 x 42 inches, 

United States, Mexico and Canada (Revised), 50 x /12 " 

Europe (Revised to date), 50x42 " 

America... (North and South), 50x42 " 

Asia (Revised to date), 50x42 " 

Africa (Revised to date, 50x42 " 

World, Mercator's Projection 50 x 42 " 



Price. 

ss 00 
5 00 
5 00 

5 00 
5 00 
5 00 
S 00 



COMMOIV SCHOOL SET— 6 Maps, as follows: 

United States 27 x 36 inches, $250 

Europe 27x35 " 250 

Hemispheres, 27x36 " 250 

Asia 27x36 " 250 

Africa 27x36 " 250 

America 27x36 " 250 

Common School Set, 6 Numbers 13 00 

Price in Seta. 

Half Set (Hemispheres, United States and Europe) $1300 

Complete Set, Seven Numbers 3° °'^ 

Complete Set, Packed in neat Lock Box 33 °o 



Any map can be sent by mail, 
sent for examination. 



When returned free of expense, a set will be 



86 



A. H. Andrews & Co., Chicago. 



It is not necessary to " multiply words," concerning the almost absolute per- 
fection of these wall maps. They are their own advertisement. It is sufficient to 
point educators and the educated to the fact that they are from the presses of the 
best and most accurate map publishers in the world, viz., the Messrs. Johnston, 
of Edinburg! The maps on Classical and Scriptural Geography will attract the 
attention of scholars. Single maps may be selected, or sets judiciously arranged 
may be preferred, according to circumstances and wants. 

The School Series have been adopted in the public schools of Chicago, Cin- 
cinnati, Milwaukee, Racine, Elgin, Grand Rapids, Mich., etc., etc., and 30,000 are 
now in use in the United States. 



JOHNSTON'S LARGE SCHOOL MAPS. 

Each Map 50 x 42 Inches. Colored and Mounted on Cloth and Boilers. 
Price of Each Map $6.00. 



United States, Canada and Mexico. 

Eastern and Western Hemispheres (one map). 

World, Mercator's Projeciion. 

Eastern Hemisphere. 

Western Hemisphere. 

Europe. 

England. 

Scotland. 

Ireland 

British Isles. 

France. 

Italy. 

Spain and Portugal. 



Central Europe. 

Orkney and Shetland. 

Asia. 

India. 

Africa. 

Cape Colony. 

America. 

North America, 

Canada, Nova Scotia, etc. 

South America. 

Australia. 

New Zealand. 

Pacific Ocean. 



Classical and Scriptural Greography. 

Size 50 X 42 inches. Price per Map, $5.00. 



Orbis Veteribus Notus. 
Italia Antiqua. 
Graecia Antiqua. 
Asia Minor. 
Orbis Romanus. 
Caesar de bello Gallico. 



Travels of St. Paul. 

Outline Map of Countries bordering on Medi- 
terranean. 
Canaan and Palestine. 
Bible Countries. 



Physical Geography. 

Size 50 X 42 inches. Price per Map, $5.00. 



World in Hemispheres. 

Europe. 

Asia. 



Africa. 
America. 



Small Wall Maps, etc. 



Size 33x27 inches. Colored and Mounted on Cloth andRoUers. Each Map $2.50 



Eastern and Western Hemispheres (one map). 

World, Mercator's Projection. 

Eastern Hemisphere. 

Western Hemisphere. 

Europe. 

England. 

Scotland. 

Ireland. 

British Isles. 

Asia. 

Canaan and Palestine. 

Africa. 



America. 

North America. 

United States, Canada and Mexico. 

South America. 

St. Paul's Travels. 

A Map Illustrative of Geographical Terras, 

with Glossary. 
Chronological Chart of Ancient History, with 

Glossary. 
Chart of the Metric System of Weights and 

Measures. 



^r-We call attention to our new WALL MAP CASE shown near the close of this book. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise, 



87 



Camp's New Physical 

— AND — 

POLITICAL OUTLINE MAPS. 

What Constitutes Good Wall Maps for the Common School? 



School Officers should make this inquiry before purchasing : 

I. — They should be Outline in plan. A reference Map, with thousands of 
names, only confuses the young pupil. 2. — They should be distinct, so as to be 
seen at the distance of twenty or thirty feet. 3. — They must be large. 4. — They 
should have bright colors. 5. — They should be so revised as to be brought nearly 
as possible down to date. 6. — The maps should be accurate and authentic. 

We Claim that these Maps Meet these Requirements. 

They combine in a single set, the excellences of Physical and Political 
"Wall Maps, and present all the important characteristics ot each Continent and 
Country, so far as they can be represented to the eye. They are finely engraved 
from Original Drawings made from the best authorities, are printed and colored 
in such a manner as to exhibit clearly and definitely the physical features and 
political divisions of the Earth. The lines are distinct, and the boundaries of 
Countries, the situation of Cities and Towns, and the physical aspects of each 
division plainly indicated. The Maps contain all that is important for a student 
to learn of local geography. 

These Maps are designed to be used in connection with any text-book on 
Geography. The set is accompanied with a Key, interspersed with lists of ques- 
tions calculated to direct the pupil's mind to the more important facts, and to 
thoroughly elucidate the whole subject. It also contains_/ffc «Vw7e representations, 
in beautiful colors, of the Maps themselves, and valuable suggestions for using 
Outline Maps. 

Important Characteristics. 

1. They are authentic, which cannot be said of all Maps before the public ! 
Among the authorities followed are Government Surveys and Maps, the Physical 
Maps of E. Von Sydow, Germany, and others. 

2. They are engraved in a style which cannot fail to satisfy the critical eye. 
The lines all have the sharpness of copper-plate work, and are so skillfully gradu- 
ated as to give suitable prominence to every object, from any degree of strength 
required. 

3. They embrace a judicious selection of such of the more important geo- 
graphical facts as classes will learn with profit, without requiring great expendi- 
ture of time and labor on details of little value. 

4. They are strictly Outline Maps, giving no names of places or objects, but 
having numbers instead, referring to corresponding numbers prefixed to the 
names given in the Key. 

5. The Mountain topography is finely executed and shaded in proper pro- 
portion to the height of peaks and ranges. No Maps compare with them in this 
feature. 

6. They combine all the essential characteristics and advantages of both 
Physical and Political Outline Maps. The principal bodies of Land and Water 
on every part of the globe, and the Mountains, Lakes, Rivers, and other natural 
features of each continent, are represented with a clearness and beauty surpassing 
anything ever before produced, while the Political Divisions are made equally 
distinct by the coloring, each State being in clear contrast with those adjoining. 



A. H. Andrews <£; Co., Chicago. 



7. A separate Map of the World, on Mercator's projection is devoted exclu- 
sively to such features of Physical Geography as cannot be shown appropriately 
in connection with the Political Divisions, including Hydrographic Basins, Vol- 
canic Regions, Isothermal Lines, Ocean Currents, Wind Currents, and Rain 
Districts. 

8. These Maps are better and more strongly made than other maps. 

9. The Primary Set is so arranged as to combine nearly all the excellences 
of the larger set, and at a considerably lower cost. 

10. In short, Camp's Maps, as to general appearance and adaptation to the 
wants of our schools to-day, considering the price, are superior to any others. 

The Large Set Comprises the Following Maps. 

No. :. The Hemispheres 30x50 inches 

'• 2. North America.... 25 30 " 

" 3. The United States, Dominion of Canada, and Mexico, with separate Maps 

of Alaslta and New Foundland 50 60 " 

" 4. South America 25 30 " 

" 5. Europe 50 60 " 

" 6. Asia 25 30 " 

" 7. Africa 25 30 " 

" S. Oceanica, with a separate Map of the Sandwich Islands 25 30 " 

" 9. Physical Map of the World, on Mercator's Projection 30 50 " 

Price of the Maps and Key. 

Backed with Muslin, Colored, Bound, with rings for suspension, in neat Portfolio, $25 00 

" " " " " varnished, and mounted on Rollers 3000 

" " " " '• " " " in neat 

wood case with lock and key, extra 

Camp's " Small Set," 10 Sheets and 8 Maps, on Rollers 20 00 

" " " 10 " 8 Maps, in Portfolio 1500 

Key, when Sold Separately 100 

Price Of Camp's Outline Maps — Single. 

No. I. The Hemispheres 30x50 inches, $400 

" 2. North America 25 30 " 200 

"3. The United States, Canada, and Mexico So 60 " 700 

" 4. South America 25 30 " 2 00 

" 5, Europe So 60 " 700 

" 6. Asia 25 30 " 200 

" 7. Africa 25 30 " 200 

' ' 8. Oceanica 25 30 " 2 00 

" 9. Physical Map of the World 3° S" " 4 o** 

The Primary Set Consists of 

No. I . The Hemispheres ... Size about 30x50 inches 

" 2. North America " " 2530 " 

" 3. The United States " " 30 50 " 

" 4. South America " " 2530 " 

" 5. Europe " " 2530 " 

" 6. Asia " " 2530 " 

" 7. Africa , " " 25 30 " 

" 8. Oceanica " " 2530 " 



Wliitall's Movable Planisphere. 

It is a useful guide to the student in Astronomy, and fills the place of the Map 
in the study of the Geography of the Heavens. It is a valuable aid in acquiring 
the names of the stars, and represents the heavens at any minute or hour of the 
day. It is of convenient size for hand use, being fifteen inches in diameter. It 
is made in two styles — one in black, with the stars in white, as in Nature ; the 
other is colored, similar to a celestial globe, by which the constellations are dis- 
tinctly shown. A full set of rules, with problems, are printed on the reverse of 
each. Can be sent by mail. Price of either style, $3.00. 



Outlines of Determinative Mineralogy, 

For Hi^h Schools, Academies, etc. 

By C Gilbert Wheeler, Professor in the University of Chicago. 



This fine and highly commended work is specially adapted to the United 
States and Mining Regions of Mexico. The increasing interest in Natural 
Science has created a demand for just such a book as this. Price, $1.00. 







Catalogue of School Merchandise. 




89 


Andrews' Anatomical Charts. 






With Explanatory Hand-Book. 












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THE LATEST, CHEAPEST, 


BEST. 




These . 


A.natomical and Physiological Charts, 


with Hand-Book, 


are from the celebrated Lithographic Press of the Messrs 


w 


. & A. 


K. Johnston 


, Edinburgh, Scotland, and prepared 


under the direction 


of Dr. 


Wm. 


Turner, Prof, of Anatomy in the Unive 


rsity of Edinburgh. 


These Charts are issued in the best style of the Messrs. 


Johnston, 


and are entii 


•ely new, and superior in plan and execution to an 


ything 


of the 


kind heretofore offered in this country. The 


ir great 


value con- 


sists in theii 


simplicity and clearness. They consist of complete and 


beautiful en 


gravings of the human skeleton, ligaments, muscles, etc.. 



90 A. H. Andrews <& Co., Chicago. 

as shown in the table following, together with separate drawings of 
the principal parts on larger scales, and highly magnified views illustra- 
ting various interesting structures as they appear under the microscope. 

The Hand-Books which accompany these Charts are models of 
concise explanation, and, with the Charts themselves and a good dic- 
tionary, will afford any intelligent student a good knowledge of the 
construction of the human body, and the uses of its various parts. 

All the Charts are beautifully colored, varnished and mounted 
on rollers. 

The Anatomical Charts Consist of 

Sheet I, about 21 x 27 inches — The Skeleton $2 00 

Sheet II, " 21x27 " The Ligaments 200 

Sheet III, " 21 X 27 " The Muscles 2 00 

Sheet IV, " 21 x 27 " The Heart and Arteries.. 200 

Sheet V, " 21 x 27 " The Veins and Lungs 2 00 

Sheet VI, " 21 x 27 " The Organs of Digestion 2 00 

Sheet VII, " 21 x 27 " The Nervous System 200 

Sheet VIII, " 21 x 27 " The Organs of Sense and Voice 2 00 

Hand-Book furnished with each complete set without extra 
charge. Hand-Books to accompany single sheets, ten cents. 

In addition to the abov^ list, we keep on hand other works on 
Anatomy and Physiology, including Charts especially designed for 
Medical Students. 



Commendations of Andrews' Anatomical Charts. 

From Hon. E. Searing, State Superintendent Public Instruction, Wisconsin : 

" Andrews' Anatomical Charts, for clearness and distinctness, for accurate 
and artistic drawing, for beauty of coloring, and for convenience, are not only 
unsurpassed but unequaled by anything of the kind w^hich we have seen. They 
may be used in connection with any work on Anatomy and Physiology, and be 
made doubly useful in any school, as the basis of oral instruction. The practical 
utility, the absolute need of such instruction, including hygiene, we need not here 
discuss. We wish that the charts might be introduced and intelligently used in 
every common school in the State." 



From Hon. J. B. Pradt, Assistant Superintendent of Public Instruction, Madison, 
Wisconsin : 

" The Anatomical Charts ordered from you for a member of my family are all 
that could be asked — clear, distinct, accurately drawn and finely colored. I am 
greatly pleased with them and cannot doubt they will command a large sale, espe- 
cially for schools." 

From Prof W. D. Parker, President State Normal School, River Falls, Wis.: 

"I have had occasion to examine the Anatomical Charts published by your 
house and take pleasure in commending them for the truthful representation of 
the parts of the human body. In mechanical execution, detail of representation 
and excellence of coloring, the charts have no superior, and they constitute an 
exceedingly valuable auxiliary to the study of human anatomy." 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



91 



From Charles T. Parkes, M. D., Professor of Anatomy in Rush Medical College, 
Chicago, 111. 

" I have examined the series of Andrews' Anatomical Charts, and am con- 
vinced that they far surpass in artistic finish and accuracy of detail, anything of a 
like nature ever offered for sale. They will certainly be of great service and use- 
fulness for purposes of demonstration and illustration on the subjects of superficial 
Anatomy and Physiology as taught in Public Schools and Academies. They do, 
as it were, render the body transparent ! " 



From Prof. A. G. Beebe, of the Chicago Homoeopathic College : 

" Gentlemen : Having carefully examined Andrews' Anatomical Charts, 
I take pleasure in saying that they are the most complete and accurate of any I 
have examined. I consider them in all respects worthy the approval of the pro- 
fession, and can heartily recommend them both for the use of physicians and 
students, and for our Public Schools." 



From E. H. Pratt, M. D., Chicago : 

" I have given this series of Anatomical and Physiological Charts a critical 
examination, and am very greatly pleased with them. They will do much in 
schools towards popularizing the important and too often neglected studies of 
Anatomy and Physiology. They are very accurate in detail, finely finished, very 
cheap, and remarkably well adapted to the purpose, and are deserving of a wide 
circulation." 



From a leading Educator in Iowa. Taken from the Calhoun Co. Republican: 

"Andreivs' Anatomical Charts. — We ordered a set of these Charts 
recently for the use of our Normal Institute and upon examination we believe them 
to be the best of their kind. The drawings which are intended to exhibit the 
leading facts to be observed in the study of the plan of the Human Body, are the 
best we have seen. 'The figures have, in a large number of instances, been drawn 
from Nature, but, in other cases they have been selected and adopted from 
standard works on Anatomy;' they are accompanied by a descriptive Hand-Book 
by William Turner, M. D., Professor of Anatomy in the University of Edinburgh. 
We can call attention to but a few of the points exhibited in the engravings. Plate 
I, illustrates the Skeleton and the structure of Bone. Fig. i, on this plate, is a front 
view of an adult human skeleton, the body and limbs being represented in outline 
so as to show the position which the bones occupy within them. Figures 4, 5 and 
6, show longitudinal and transverse sections of bone, highly magnified, to exhibit its 
structure. Plate II, is designed to illustrate the joints and ligaments, and the 
structure of ligaments and cartilage. This chart exhibits a front view of an adult 
human skeleton to illustrate the mode in which the bones are connected together 
at the difierent joints ; a highly magnified view of the white fibres of connective 
tissue, which forms the fibrous membrane and the greater number of ligaments; a 
vertical section through the hip-joint to show the structure of a ball and socket 
joint; a view of the interior of the elbow joint to show the structure of a hinge 
joint; the upper end of the ulna, with the ring-like ligament in which the head of 
the radius rolls in pronation and supination of the forearm; portions of the back 
of the head, and the first and second vertebrae of the neck, with the spinal canal 
opened into from behind, to show the ligaments which connect these bones with 
each other; the Atlas and Axis vertebrae, seen from above by removing the Occip- 



92 A. S. Andrews «£• Co., Chicago. 

ital bone, a surface view of the elastic plates interposed between the bodies of two 
adjacent vertebrae, and a section through a piece of cartilage in process of being 
converted into bone, highly magnified. We have given a pretty full outline of 
what is shown hy this chart as a specimen of the whole number as the others are 
as full on the parts they exhibit as is this one. We can only name the topics illus- 
trated on the other charts. Plate III illustrates the Muscular system and the 
structure of muscle ; No. IV gives a general view of the position of the Heart, 
of the mode of arrangement of Arterial Blood-Vessels, of the distribution of the 
Capillary Blood- Vessels, and of the forms of the Blood-Globules ; No. V shows 
the arrangement and structure of the Venous Blood- Vessels, of the position, form 
and structure of the Limgs and Windpipe, and of the general course of the circu- 
lation of the blood ; No. VI represents the organs of Digestion and the Lymph- 
Vessels ; No. VII illustrates the position and arrangementof the Nervous System 
and the structure of the Skin ; No. VIII illustrates the Organs of Sense and the 
Organs of Voice. There are in all more than seventy figures given to illustrate 
the various sub-divisions of the subjects exhibited, making the most complete set 
of charts published on this branch for use in common schools. A set of these 
charts in the hands of a live teacher would be worth a great deal to any school 
and we advise those needing anything in this line to see and examine these before 
purchasing. We will only add that we have no agency nor have we any pecuniary 
interest in their sale. 

Andrews' Physiolog-ical Charts, 4 in set, life size §20 00 

Cutter's Physiological Charts, 10 in set, size, 2x3 ft. full mounted 15 00 

" " " 10 " '■ " H '■ 1200 

" ■' " S " " " full " 1000 

" " " S " " " ]^ " 800 

Kellogg; iS: Bulkley's Physiological Charts, 20 in set 40 00 

Dr. Trail's Physiological Charts, 6 in set, life size, (female) .... 20 00 

Chart of Brain, 4 in set, twice life size 10 00 

French Plate, for Medical Students only 3 50 

In teaching Descriptive Science, the best illustration is the object ; but where a full and well- 
kept Cabinet cannot be had, the next best thing is a first-class Chart or Diagram. 

Wheeler's Natural History Charts 

Supply this want, and answer the purpose of a first-class cabinet. 
They are just what is needed in every school room. Their beautiful 
and life-like illustrations of the Animal Kingdom should be continually 
before the eyes of the pupils. Each chart is complete in itself, and 
can be piuxhased separately. The set contains six numbers, and con- 
sists of — I, Mammalia ; 2, Birds ; 3, Invertebrates ; 4, Fishes and 
Reptiles ; 5, Minerals, Rocks and Fossils ; 6, Plants. 

They are mounted on rollers, 4 feet by three. A text-book of 
one hundred pages, containing a full description of illustrations, fur- 
nished with each set. No other text book on Natural History need be 
used, although any text-book on the subject may be employed. When 
specially ordered, each Chart is put up so as to fold in sections, and in 
this case the text is on the margin, and can also be furnished in Ger- 
man, Spanish, French, Norwegian, Bohemian, or Hungarian. 

Price, per Set. - - - - - $36.00 

Either Chart, Separately, - - - 7.00 

Text-Book, 'when separately ordered, - • 1.00 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



93 



Johnson's Philosophical Charts. 

The rapid diffusion of scientific knowledge, and the continually 
widening field of its application to the useful pursuits of life, have 
created an increased demand for new and improved means of teaching 
the various branches of Natural Philosophy. But no want is more 
generally felt, especially in Common Schools and Academies, than the 
necessity of Philosophical Diagrams, in the form of Wall Charts, to 
supply the absence of the expensive Philosophical Apparatus. 

To meet this want is the object of Dr. Johnson's Philosophi- 
cal series of Indestructible School Charts. 




The method of making these Charts is entirely new. There is 
neither paper, ink, printing-press, tape, rollers, nor varnish employed 
in their manufacture. 

They are printed by hand, in bright yellow lines, with imper- 
ishable oil-colors, on enameled jet-black cloth. 

They are smooth as glass, as soft and pliable as silk, and hang 
perfectly flat on the wall. 

They are as durable as a stone school-house ; they could be em- 
ployed as table-covers, scrubbed with soap and water for years, and 
then be employed as charts. The background is jet-black, and far 
superior to any ink-printing. Each Chart is surrounded with a highly 
colored border, giving it a remarkably neat and lively appearance. 

The mounting" consists of an oval stick inclosed in a hem at the 
top and bottom, thus avoiding paste, binding, nails, and clumsy rollers. 

The Series consists of ten Charts, each 33x54 inches, embrac- 
ing more than five hundred diagrams on the various branches of 
Natural Philosophy as taught in schools. Each diagram being care- 
fully drawn, and standing out in bold yellow lines on a jet-black sur- 
face, constituting the most complete, most durable, and cheapest 
substitute for Philosophical Apparatus ever published. 



94 



A. H. Andrews & Co., Chicago. 



These Charts are to Natural Philosophy what blackboards are 
to mathematics, and what maps are to geography. 

Every drawing* is made simple as possible, without omitting any 
part necessary to give a clear illustration of the essential law or prin- 
ciple to be explained. 

Each diagram is numbered, and provided with designating 
letters sufficiently large and bold to be seen across the recitation-room. 

Chart I, illustrates Laws of Matter, Force, Motion, and Mechanics, with 
44 diagrams. 

Chart II, illustrates Hydrostatics and Pneumatics, with 54 diagrams. 

Chart III, illustrates Hydraulics, with 39 diagrams. 

Chart IV, illustrates the Laws of heat and Construction of the Steam- 
Engine, with 43 diagrams. 

Chart V, illustrates Optics, with 53 diagrams. 




Chart VI, illustrates Optics, Laws of Vision, and the Construction of 
Optical Instruments, with 50 diagrams. 

Chart VII, illustrates Magnetism, with 30 diagrams; and Acoustics, with 
33 diagrams. 

Chart VIII, illustrates Electricity, Galvanism, Electro-Magnetism, Mag- 
netic-Electricity, Thermo-Electricity, etc., with 66 diagrams. 

Chart IX, illustrates the Solar System and many of the General Laws of 
Astronomy, with 16 diagrams. 

Ch.\rt X, Astronomical, illustrating the Seasons, Tides, Eclipses, etc., with 
23 diagrams. 

The Price is within the reach of all ; so that no school need 

have excuse for being without these excellent and elaborate Charts. 

Price of the entire set, with Key $25 00 

Charts are sold singly, each 2 50 

While the intelligent teacher will be able to make invaluable use 

of the Charts, with whatever text-book he may have in his school, or 

even without any text-book, yet, to render them more useful to the 

cause of education, they are accompanied with a Key (JohnSOn'S 

Natural Philosophy), which is an octavo volume of five hundred 

pages, containing reduced facsimiles and an explanation of all the 

Chart diagrams. 

Johnson's Natural Philosophy, Price, - - - $3.00 



Catalogue of School Merchandise, 95 

JOHNSON'S SOLAR SYSTEM CHART. 

This beautiful Chart is on blue ground with white Hues, exhib- 
iting most effectively, at one view, the solar system, embracing : the 
Sun; the Primary Planets and their orbits; the Secondary Planets, or 
Satellites, and their orbits ; Comets, and their orbits, and a section of 
the orbit of the Sun; together with a representation of the Zodiac 
and many fixed Stars. 

It is an eleg'ant and useful Chart for the school-room. Size, 
38x42 inches. Price, $5.00. 

Johnson's Indestructible Alphabet Charts. 

The letters on these Charts are printed in bright yellow on a 

black ground, with a neat border, and are suitable models for the 

children to fix in their minds. The Charts are two feet wide and three 

feet long, and are made in the same durable manner as JohnSOn'S 

Philosophical Charts, described on page 93. They will remain 

bright and fresh for generations. 

No. I, Contains the Capital Letters, Arabic Figures, and Roman Numerals, $2 00 
No. 2, Contains Small Letters, and Punctuation Points 2 00 



Spencerian 

Charts of Writing. 

These Charts are so printed as to present the appearance of 
Superior Blackboard Writing. The letters are white on a 
hlack ground. 

Each Capital Letter appears by itself, with analysis and 

printed description. The letters are of very large size, the Capitals 
and loop letters being a foot in height, and the small letters in propor- 
tion, so that they may be distinctly seen across the largest school-room. 
They are mounted upon a roller in such a manner that one page is 
exhibited at a time. 

Forty-seven Charts, mounted on roller, sold separately or 
bound together. Size, 19x24 inches; price per set, $6.00. 

Spencerian Manual of Penmanship $1 75 

Payson, Dunton & Scribner's Manual of Penmanship i 25 

Payson, Dunton & Scribner's Writing Tablets and Small Key 4 50 

Astronomical Planispheres $3 00 and $3 50 

Schofield's Color Chart 2 50 

McGuffy's New Primary Charts, 10 5 00 

Redfield's Zoological Charts 12 00 

" Zoology 2 50 

Colton's Geographical Cards, nicely Colored 8 00 

Township, County, and Railroad Map of any Western State, Pocket Ed . . . 30 
Johnson's Illustrations of Astronomy, with Hand-Book 32 00 



9^ A. H. Andrews & Co., Chicago. 



American Drawing- Models. 

For Common Schools, Drawing Classes, and Schools of Art 

and Science. 



Designed by Walter Smith, Art Master; Professor of Art Education 

in the Citv of Boston Normal Art School, and State Director 

of Art Education for the State of Massachusetts. 



The increasing- demand for Apt Education, and its general 

adoption as a branch of common school instruction, has rendered it 
necessary that a supply of proper models with which to convey this 
instruction should be produced. Designs have been obtained from Mr. 
Walter Smith, Director of Art Education for the State of Massachu- 
setts, from which we are now prepared to furnish complete SetS Of 
models. These are made from the best materials in a thorough man- 
ner ; and by having extensively fitted up special machinery, the work 
is produced with accuracy at a much less price than would be possible 
otherwise. Each model being made to dimensions, these sets are 

equally suited to all kinds of Free-Hand, Instrumental, and Per- 
spective Drawing". 

Set No. 1 consists of the following pieces, selected from the 
most useful and beautiful geometric figures and curved forms : 

I. Sphere. 2. Cone. 3. Cylinder. 4. Cone, in Sections. 5. Cube 
6. Oblong Block. 7. Triangular Prism. 8. Hexagonal Prism. 9. Rectan- 
gular Pyramid. 10. Hexagonal Pyramid. 11. Square Block. 12. Disk. 
13. Flight of Four Steps. 14. Double Cone. 15. Cross. 16. Triangular 
Frame. 17. Square Frame. iS. Pentagonal Frame. 19. Hexagonal Frame. 
20. Circular Frame. 21. Circular Ring. 22. Double Cross. 23. Skeleton 
Cube. 24. Oblong Frame. 25. Square Frame and Ring. 26. Hexagonal 
Disk. 27, 28, 29. Three Selected Vases. 30. Adjustable Model Stand. 

Price, complete, with box, _ _ . $20.00 

Set No. 2. — A box containing ten Wooden Vases, duplicated 
from the Greek originals. Price, with box, - - $10.00 

Set No. 3. — Four Large Models for lectures and instruction to 
classes: i. Cube, fifteen inches side. 2. Cone, with base twelve 
inches, altitude eighteen inches. 3. Cylinder, base twelve inches, 
altitude eighteen inches. 4. Hexagonal Prism, base twelve inches, 
Iqjigth twenty-four inches. 

Price, without box, $13.00 ; with box, $15.00. 

Extra Model Stands, each, - . _ $2.50 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



97 



CD 

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A. H. Andretvs tB Co., Chicago. 



Webb's First Lessons 

IN LANGUAGE AND DRAWING. 



1 



A Key to Webb's School and Family Cards, and the Most Valuable 
Primary Reading' Book Ever Published. 



LESSONS 



Seeing. 



LESSONS 



Talking. 



LESSONS 



Heading. 



LESSONS 



Dra'^^ing. 



It is impossible, in the limits of an advertisement, to do justice to 
this inimitable little book. No teacher should be without it. 

It Combines the Word Method and Phonic System. 

Note the following points: 

1st. The cultivation of the observing faculties is the first result 
sought to be obtained. 

2. The correct use of Language (Oral at first, and in time writ- 
ten), in expressing the knowledge obtained by Observation. On these 
two points special stress is laid, and both have been made very plain 
and practical for the smallest children. 

3. Familiar w^ords are taught as the first step in Reading. 

4. The child is taught to print or write the vs^ords as he learns them. 

5. The Lessons are certain to interest the children. 

6. The stories are so prepared as to constitute good skeletons for 
Object Lessons. 

7. The Illustrations are mostly skeleton pictures, intended to be 
copied hy the children. They are artistic, and yet so simple that small 
children will delight to copy them, thus cultivating the taste while 
amusing themselves and relieving the teacher. 

Twenty pages of the book are devoted to drawing. Price, 35c. 

Sypher's Art of Teaching*. 

A Manual of Suggestions for Teachers, Directors and Trustees, treating of 
how to Establish, Organize, Govern and Teach Schools of all Grades, and What 
to Teach. A Book of 327 pages, bound in Muslin, $1.50. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



99 



Mounted Reference Maps. 

These maps are designed to meet the demand for a popular and 
cheap large sized map for reference, both for the United States and 
for each State separately. 

The New Indexed County and Railroad Map of the United States, 

prepared from original Government Surveys, — scale, 36 miles to the inch, — 
showing all Counties, Cities and Towns of importance. Railroads, Rivers, Lakes, 
Mountains, etc. With each map is an index book, giving at a glance every place 
and point. Colored, varnished, and mounted on cloth, size 60x80 inches, $7.50. 

New Pictorial Reversible Map of the United States and World. 

On one side is a map of the United States and Territories, Canada and part of 
Mexico, giving at the top a panoramic view of the country from the Atlantic to 
the Pacific, and on the margin, portraits of the Presidents of the United 
States. On the back of this map are the Hemispheres; also the Mercator's pro- 
jection ; the difference of time at different cities. Flags of Nations, etc. Size, 
40x60 inches. Price 3.00. 

New Sectional and Township Maps of the following states : — Illinois, 
Michigan, Missouri, Kansas, Iowa, Nebraska, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Texas, 
Dakota and Indiana. They are carefully engraved from the Records of each 
County, and giving for several of the States the Census ot each County, Town 
and Village. These maps, on rollers, are mounted on cloth or paper ; size 34 x 42 
inches. Cloth, each, $S.OO; Paper, each, $1.00. 

Pocket (Indexed) Railroad and Tow^nship Maps. These maps of 
States and Territories contain a printed Index, showing how to find every Town, 
Village and Post Office at a glance ; they also give the population of the same as 
per the last census. They are considered superior to any other indexed maps. 
They embrace the following States and Territories : — Alabama, Arkansas, Col- 
orado, Dakota, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky and 
Tennessee, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, 
Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Ontario and Canada, 
Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas and Indian Territory, Utah, Virginia, W. Virginia, 
Washington Territory, Wisconsin. Price of each, 50 cents. 



The Puzzle Map for Children. 

Very instructive and amusing. It consists of a Map of the United States on 
one side, (of wood quarter inch thick,) and on the other side the Map of the 
World. These maps are dissected, or neatly cut into irregular blocks, and the 
puzzle is for the child to properly fit them together. The maps are packed in a 
handsome box, making a neat gift. Price, $1.25. 



A. a. Andrews <£• Co., Chicago. 



Object-TeacMng Forms and SoMs 

Are so essential in Primary schools, as well as higher grades, they 
require no commendation or explanation to teachers who are Avell 
qualified. The idea of Form, whether of the solid or the surface, 
should be made familiar to every child and go -with him through life. 
There is great ignorance, even among literary inen and women, as to 
the proper scientific terms to use with reference to common objects or 
forms, which is owing to lack of early training in this direction. 

How many of us can properly define, for instance, a Cube, a 
Sphere, or a Prism ? 

The eye can take in the forms of nature much more readily and 
comprehensively than can the ear, even by means of the minutest 
verbal descriptions. The teacher may talk about the Crystal, but if 
there be one at hand which the eye can see or the fingers grasp, how 
much more satisfactory to the pupil than mere words ! 

If the usefulness of these Object Forms be acknowledged, while it is 
objected that the teacher does not know how to use them, then we ask 
whose fault it is that an incompetent teacher is employed ? For, a 
teacher who does not know how to use Apparatus, is certainly not half 
qualified to teach. 




Cube Root Blocks— No. 25, and No. 26. 

No. 25. Double, for carrying illustrations to three or more places, boxed, 
No. 26. Single, "" " two places, " 

No. 27. Sixtj-four inch Cubes for same purpose, " 

The question of Square and Cube Root can be solved in no other 
way so easily as by illustrating with blocks of this kind. 



pi. ID 

•75 
3.00 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



Object-Teaching Forms and Solids. 



No. 20. Thirty-six Forms in a neat wooden box, 



$3-25 




Triangle. 



Right-angled Eqilateral Triangle. Isosceles 
Triangle. Triangle. 




Parallelogram or 

Eectangle. Trapezium. Bhomb. 




Circle. Eing. Crescent. Spherical Triangle. Oval 




Tetrahedron. Sphere. Hemisphere. 



Spheroid. 



A. H. Andretvs <€• Co., Chicago. 



Conic Sections. 

No. 28. Dissected Cone, with Pins, showing the 
Circle, Ellipse, Parabola, and Hy- 
perbola ; colored sections $2-75 

No. 29. Ditto. Smaller 2.25 

Numeral Frames. 




The Numeral • Frame is not 

only a very popular but an almost 
indispensable aid in teaching chil- 
dren to count, and in giving them 
correct ideas of numbers. 

This frame is used in Primary, 
Intermediate, and Grammar Schools, 
and greatly assists in teaching to 
count, add, subtract, multiply, and 
divide, and is especially useful in 
illustrating- jfractions^ the squares 
and roots of numbers. 
No. 21. Nicely made and varnished having 144 colored balls, $1.50 
No. 23. " " " " 100 " " 1,25 

Nimaeral Frame. 





No. 22;^. 

No. 221^. Iron standard and colored counters, to be placed on 

Table or Desk when used $4.00 

No. 22 A. Large, on frame about 2 feet by 43 inches, with 100 balls 
or buttons 2 inches in diameter, colored Red, Blue, Yellow, Green 
and White. These balls are strung on five wires tightened by 
screws, and may be seen across a large room, while they will be 
found useful at the same time, for teaching color. Price, mounted 
on a Tripod Stand $S.oo 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



103 



Geometrical Forms— Extra Large. 

Prepared for the Lecture or Class Room. 




Hexagonal Prism. Prism. Triangtilar Prism. Cylinder. 




Pyramid and Frustum. Cone and Frustum. 

No. 23. — In a neat wooden, hinged box, .... $ 4.00 

All these forms and solids, when it is practicable, have names printed on their 
face, and are fully illustrated inside the cover of the box containing them. 
Besides those represented above, the set contains Oblique Cylinder, Cube, Hexa- 
gonal Pyramid, and Rhomb. 



I04 



A. H, Andreivs «£• Co., Chicago. 



Geometrical Forms with Arithmetical Solids. 



Nice, in a neat hinged box. 

Price - _ . 

No. 24. 



$3.00 




Cubes. 




Parallelopipeds. 

These Forms and Solids convey more definite ideas of square and 
soHd measure than could many pages of drawings or explanation. By 
their use all possibility of error in conception and definition is avoided, 
since they are tangible. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



105 



The "Red Line Series" 

OF 

School and Township Records and Blanks 

Is commended to the attention of School and Township Officers 
as the best series ever pubHshed and offered for sale. 

These Records and Blanks are arranged in strict conformity with 
the latest revised laws of the State. 

They are simple and convenient 

The quality of material is the best, the mechanical execution is 
first-class in every respect ; they are attractive in appearance, and it is 
believed that they are neater, cheaper and better than any other series 
of Books and Blanks now published for the use of Schools and Town- 
ship Officers. 

In ordering Records and Blanks, ask for the "Red Line Series," 
and you will be satisfied, and better pleased than if you allow books 
and forms now obsolete to be supplied to you. 



List of Boolts and Blanks— "RED LINE SERIES." 

FOB THE USE OF 

School and Township Oflacers. 

TEACHER'S DAILY REGISTER, No. 1.— Is a quarto medium, bound in 
neatly printed manilla covers. It contains eight folio pages, and will record 
on each page the names, attendance and deportment of 23 pupils for a term of 
16 weeks Price, 50c. 

TEACHER'S DAILY REGISTER, No. 2 —Quarto Medium, bound in stiff 
boards ; Contains twenty-five folio pages, and will record on each page the 
names, attendance, deportment and studies pursued of 23 pupils for a term of 
16 weeks, Price, $i.co. 

TEACHER'S DAILY REGISTER, No. 3.— Quarto Medium, bound in half 
morocco, paper sides ; Contains thirty-two folio pages, and will record on each 
page the names, attendance and studies pursued of 23 pupils for»a term of 16 
weeks. It also contains a Teacher's General Register, containing a list of 
names of parents and guardians, a summary of attendance, deportment and 
studies pursued, and a blank space for general memoranda Price, $1.25. 

TEACHER'S DAILY REGISTER, No. 4.— Quarto Medium, bound in half 
morocco, cloth sides, gilt stamp ; Contains in addition to all the forms of No. 
3, a Visitor's Register, also a General Memorandum, which can be used for a 
Roll of Honor, or as a General Record — the most complete and comprehen- 
sive Register published.. Price, $1.75. 



io6 



A. H. Andrews <£• Co., Chicago. 



TEACHER'S DAILY REGISTER, No. 5.— Demy, bound in half morocco, 
cloth sides, gilt stamp ; Contains twenty-four folio pages, and will record on 
each page the names, attendance and deportment of forty-two pupils for a term 
of 16 weeks with a column for general remarks by the teacher. Price, $2.00. 

TEACHER'S DAILY REGISTER, No. 6.— Demy, bound in half cloth, paper 
sides ; Contents same as Register No. 5 Price, $1.50. 

TEACHER'S DAILY REGISTER, No. 7.— Arranged especially for the use of 
Primary Schools. Cap, bound in half cloth, paper sides ; Contains twenty 
folio pages, and will record on each page the names, attendance and punctu- 
ality of thirty-six pupils for a term of 14 weeks Price, 90c. 

CLASS RECORD OF RECITATIONS.— Quarto Demy, bound in stiff boards, 
Contains twenty folio pages, and will record on each page the recitations of 
twenty-five pupils for a term of 16 w-eeks Price, 75c. 

CLASS RECORD OF RECITATIONS— Pocket Edition.— Bound in flexible 
cloth, gilt stamp ; Contains twenty folio pages Price, 40c. 

CLASS RECORD OF RECITATIONS— Pocket Edition.— Manilla covers 
twenty folio pages Price, 30c. 

MONTHLY REPORT TO PARENTS OF SCHOLARSHIP AND DE- 
PORTMENT.— Cards Per 100, $1.00. 

WEEKLY REPORT TO PARENTS OF SCHOLARSHIP AND DE- 
PORTMENT.— Cards Per 100, $1.00. 

Books and Blanks 

For each State separately, and conforming to the special laws thereof, 
furnished on application. Send for special circulars or lists of these, 
to avoid confusion. 



Samples of Domestic Woods— Natural Color 

Showing the grain on sides, ends and edges, with name of each kind 
of wood indelibly printed on each piece. The pieces are one-half 
inch thick, rectangular, each side being two inches long. The blocks 
can therefore be used to some extent in showing geometrical forms. 



Ash (White). — Fraximis Americana. 
Basswood (Linden). — Tilia Americana. 
Beech. — Fagus ferruginea. 
Birch (Black). — Betula lenta. 
Birch (White).— ^e^-w/fl alba. 
Butternut. — -Juglans cinerea. 
Cedar (White). — Cupressiis thyoides. 
Cedar (Red). — Juniperus Virginiana. 
Cherry. — Prunits cerasus. 
Chestnut. — Castanea vesca. 
Elm. — Ulmus Americana. 
Gum. — Nyssa midtijiora. 
Hemlock. — Abies canadensis. 



H ickor V. — Carya. 

Maple (Hard). — Acer saccharinum. 

Maple (Soft). — Acer rubrum. 

Oak (White). — ^iiercus alba. 

Oak (Red). — ^uercns rubra. 

Pine (White).— P/««5 Strobus. 

Pine (Yellow). — Finns mitis. 

Spruce (Black). — Abies nigra. 

Sycamore (Button Wood) Platanus 

Occidenialis. 
Walnut (Black) Juglans nigra. 
White Wood. — Liriodendron tiilififera. 



Price of these 24 samples of Woods, put up in box, 



$1.50 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 107 

Willson & Calkins' School and Family Charts. 

Handsome Charts of Animals and Plants are very desirable 
in the process of education ; for such there is a growing demand. To 
meet the popular want, we have taken pains to make the following 
selections of Charts to represent the two departments of Zoology and 
Botany. From the excellent series of Willson & Calkins' Charts, we 
present the following six, all Zoological except Nos. 13 and 14. 

These Charts are in size about 24 by 33 inches. 

No. 13, is a Chart of Forms and Solids. 

No. 14, is a Chromatic Chart, giving a scientific account of Colors, 
their combinations, modifications, tones, tints, .and shades; their con- 
trasts and harmonies in Nature, dress, painting, etc., and the various 
effects produced by placing different colors in juxtaposition. 

No. 15, a Colored Zoological Chart, presents 20 GPOUpS of 
Animals, designed to illustrate some of the economical uses of the 
Animal Kingdom. No. 16, also Zoological, gives, first, a general view 
of the entire Animal Kingdom, and of the several Races of Mankind ; 
after which the Classification of the Mammalia (mostly quadrupeds) is 
presented at length in a series of more than 200 Colored figures of 
Animals. No. iS, concludes the first General Division of Animals — 
the Vertebrates — with Reptiles and Fishes: 170 Colored Figures. 

Willson & Calkins' Charts, Mounted. 

No. 12. Forms and Solids ) ^„ k-„„j <t-, ^^ 

^, ^- c 1 r /-■ 1 I- Combinea 3)2.00 

" 14. Chromatic Scale 01 Colors, j ^ 

a 'k Animals Economical Uses, j. Combined $1.25 

" ID. Classification 01 Animals, ) ^ -^ 

" 17. Birdsand their Classification, ) n^^u;^^A <i.T ■,,^ 
,, b -n 4.•^ J TT'- u r Combined. . , 91 --5 

" 18. Reptiles and Fishes, ) -t- j 

Price of this partial set of 6 numbers, selected $6.50 

Henslow's Botanical Charts. 

Modified and Adopted by Eliza A. Youmans. 

These beautiful Charts of Plant Forms, are adopted from Prof. 
J. S. Henslow, an eminent English Botanist and Lecturer before the 
Students at Cambridge. 

Though not new, there seems to be nothing to take their plare 

when both price and utility are considered. These Charts contain 

about 500 Figures Colored from Nature, representing 24 Orders, 

and 40 Species of Plants, showing Form and Structure of /eaf^stem^ 

root^ itzflorescence^Jtower, fruit and seed. These Charts can be used 

with any text-book of Botany, and should be on the walls of every 

school room where the Natural Sciences are studied. 

Price of the 6 Charts, on Cloth, Varnished and Mounted on 

Rollers, with Key, ....-- $18.00 



loS 



A. S. Andreivs & Co., Chicago. 



I1.S. 




Bells for Farms. 

Net Price. 

Nos. Size. "Weight. Bronzed. 

1 15 inches 40 lbs $ 4 00 



.50" 

• 75 " 
.120 " 

■■53 " 
•■75 " 
.100 " 
.150 " 



5 00 
8 00 
12 00 
S 00 
7 5° 
10 00 
IS 00 

We herewith present a list of Farm 
Bells which are considered the leading 
Bells in the market. 

These are the largest Bells for the 
money ; they can be heard the farthest 
for the weight; and are the most dura- 
ble. This is owing to the use of the 
best material. 

The Improved Mountings, Uniform 

Shape of Bells, and Extra Finish, make 

them the most desirable Bell in Market. 

All Bells are Warranted for one year from the time of sale. If they prove 

defective from ordinary use during that time, a new one will be furnished free 

except freight. 




These Bells are furnished complete, as represented in the cut above, including 
wood frame, iron wheel, tolling hammer on Nos. 7 and S, Bells bronzed, and all 
other parts neatly painted without extra charge. The v are offered at the lowest 
prices of anj' Bell of this class, but are not intended to compete with the com-' 
mon iron Bell. They are cast from an alloy of Steel, and can be relied on in all 
seasons and under all circumstances. The tone is clear and full, and gives general 
satisfaction. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



109 



For School Rooms, Sunday Schools, Hotels, the Tea Table, Etc* 




'No. 2400. 
Black and Gold Base, 
Diam. e, in. Ht. 7 in. 



'50- 



Wo. 2300. 

No. 3000. Black and Gold Base, 

Bronze Base, Fancv, $1.50. Diam. 2j^ $S-oo. Diam. 3K in- 
in. Ht. 3 in. ' • Ht. C% in. 





Tfo. 200. 

Diam. 2^ ; Ht. 3^. 

$1.50. 




atq. 34C0. 

TTO, 3700. IsTo. 8150. With Nickel and Blue Rase, Bronze Base, fancy. 

Gilt Base & GiltTop, $f.so. $2.25. Diameter of Bell, 2^ inches. $i.75- D^am. 3 in. 

Diam. 3^ in. Ht. 4J^ in. Height, 4J4' inches. Ht. 3'/^ m. 






No. 5400. 
Bronze Base, Tulip Top 
$3.50. Diam. of Bell 
3 in. ; Ht. 53£ in. 



No. 1400. 
Black Base, $2.75- 
Diam. 2j^ in. Ht. 5 in. 



No. 2100. 

White Marble Base, 
Diam. 3 in. Ht. sVi i"' 



$3-35 



A. a. Andrews cC Co,, Chicago. 



GONG BELLS— Escapement. 

^ Polished Bell Metal. 

w-^ /iPjB^^- "" — ^~: il Size. Price. 

2 inch $ i.go 

r^^ 3 inch 2.70 

, \^^^ 4 inch 3.50 

^1| 5 inch 4.00 

6 inch 5.00 




The following are superior: 
7 inch $ 800 



8 inch. 
10 inch. 



9.00 
11.00 




CENTENNIAL GONGS— Improved. 

12 inch $26.00 I 16 inch 48.00 

.14 inch 40.00 I 18 inch 60.00 



BRASS GONG BELLS. 



3 inch. 

4 inch. 
^Yi inch. 

5 inch. 



$3.00 
3-75 
4-50 

5-25 



6 inch $6.75 

7 inch 9.00 

8 inch 12.00 

10 inch 21.00 



BRASS HAND BELLS. 



No. 1. 
No. 2. 
No. 3. 
No. 4. 
No. '^. 



No. 6 $1.00 




No. 7 $1-25 

No. 8 1.50 

No. 9 2.00 

No. 10 2.50 

No. 12.... 3.00 

No. 14 4.00 



Best Copper and Tin (Troy) Bells 

For G hurdles and Schools, Furnished to Order. 

These Bells are sold by the pound, but as the prices are so liable 
to variation, no list is given. Correspondence is solicited, and current 
prices w^ill be sent on application. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



Microscopes. 



The Microscope, to most of us, is more useful than the Telescope. 
The wonders of the Animal and Vegetable Kingdoms which are so 
minute as to be beneath our unaided vision, are certainly as remarkable 
as those beyond it. Hence, we make no apology for devoting con- 
siderable space in this Catalogue to this interesting department. 

No one making any pretensions to an education should be with- 
out some kind of a magnifying lens, single or double, for the instruc- 
tion and amusement of himself and those about him. 

Some of us in our younger days, managed to arrange lenses for 
compound microscopes. But this was not without a good deal of 
trouble. To day these instruments can be had at such a moderate cost, 
that such experiments no longer pay. We have taken special pains to 
represent only the latest and most improved lenses, and those best 
adapted to the uses of schools and private students. No school should 
be without some kind of a Microscope for examining insects, minerals, 
botanical specimens, etc. 

Rubber Magnifying Glasses. 





NO, 

50. 
56 
62 

68, 

74 
78, 

51 
57' 
63 
69 

75 
79 



ITo. »0 

Single lens 



liTo. 51. 



EACH. 

Diameter of glass ^ inch $ -60 

« ti J « ^ " 

1% " 



Two lenses. 



glasses 



j/i and 

13/ " 



I 

^% 

13/ 



inch. 



.80 
1.25 
1.40 

1-75 
2.30 
1. 10 

I-S5 
2.00 

2-55 
340 
4.20 



A. H. Andrews & Co., Chicago 



Magnifying Glasses. 




Brass, 3 legs, $1.50. 



^^V 



JVo. 103. 



TSo. 1935. 

Brass, 2 joints to fold 
flat, 75c. 



103. Three lenses. ~ Diameter of glasses >^, ^, 3^ inch : $i-50 

112. " " " " " >^, ^, J^ " 1-85 

121. " " " " " 1^, ^, I " 2.55 




No. 1950 
No. 1950, 
No. 1950 
No. 1953 
No. 1953 
No. I9S3 



^o. 10S3. 



Coddington Lens. 



1090. mediuni. 



Brass Case. Small. Diameter of Case, J^irich S3 00 

" " Medium (size of cut). Diam. of Case, iji in.. . 3 50 
" '• Large. Diameter of Case, i^ inches 225 

Nickel Case, Small (size of cut). Diam. of Case, J4 inch... 2 25 

" " Medium. Diameter of Case, 9.1 inch goo 

" ■' Large. " " " i inch 600 

The Coddington is a solid lens, varying from ^ to 1'^ inches in thickness, 
with a blackened groove cut in it to serve as a diaphram. It is considered the 
best form of Magnifier in use. 

No. 1955. Botanist's Glass. Double Lens. Br.iss Body. Diameter of Cases, 11 -16 inch.... i 75 

No. 1955. " " " ". " " Diam. of Case 13- 16 in 2 00 

No. 1955' " " " " " " Diameter of Case, i in 2 50 

The Botanists' Glasses are similar to No. 1950, but have longer handles 

Reading or Picture Glasses. 

Wood Handle, German-Silver Rim, Diameter of Glass froin 2 to 4^ 
inches. Form similar to No. 1950 above. Price from $1.75 to $8.00. 
These glasses are useful always, and everywhere. 



Catalogue of School Furniture. 



113 



Metal Case Magnifiers. 




So. 1045 — Small. 

NO. 

1940. Single Lens Magnifiers; Ger. Silver Case; Small; diam. of lens i in. . .$1.50 

" '• " " " " Medium " i 3-16 in. 1.75 

" " " " " " Large " i 5-16 " 2.00 

1945. " " " Bronzed. Small " i " i.oo 

" " " " " Medium " i 3-16 " 1.25 

" " " " " Large " i 5-16 " 1.50 




The Micrograph. 

See Cat. 

A beautiful little instrument for examining 
small objects, such as insects, minerals, etc. 
It has a slide "C," an adjustable tube "B," a 
mirror "D"; and with it are sent 100 photo- 
graphs in minature on glass. Very amusing 
and instructive. 



Price, 



$1.50. 



Compound Microscopes. 

Compound Microscopes to which class the following instruments 
belong, consist of two lenses or sets of lenses, called the Eye-piece and 
the Objective, placed at such a distance apart that the enlarged image 
cast by the objective comes in front of the eye-piece and is again mag- 
nified by it. In examining the delicate markings of the structure of 
plants or minute insects, the magnifying power is of little use unless 
accompanied by clear defining power. It has been our object, there- 
fore, in selecting the following line of Microscopes, to obtain those 
which we could recommend for doing as thorough and reliable work 
as any instrument that could be furnished for the price named. 



114 



A. II. Andreivs <P Co., Chicdgo. 



The magnifying- powers are always given in diameters in the list. 
The power as expressed in areas would be found by squarmg the 
number of diameters, as, for instance, No. 565 Microscope has a power 
of 375 times the diameter, which multiplied by itself gives 130,615 
times the area. 



No. 2012. Iron foot, jointed arm, metal 
stage, with revolving diaphragm, 
draw-tube to increase magnifying 
power, rack and pinion adjustment, 
concave mirror. Three-lens objec- 
tive separable, giving three different 
powers ranging, including the draw- 
tube, from 50 to 125 diameters. In 
mahogany box, with lock and 
key $18.00 

No. 2010. Iron foot, brass column at- 
tached to foot by movable joint, 
allowing the body to be inclined to 
any angle. Adjustment by means 
of movable stage working with a 
screw. Three-lens objective separ- 
able, giving powers ranging from 50 
to 100 diameters. In mahogany 
box $ 13.50 

Library Microscope. 

No. 500. This Microscope (mounted 
somewhat like 2012) is an attractive 
and well-made instrument, especially 
adapted to the use of amateurs, and 
beginners in the study of entomolo- 
gy, botany, and other kindred 
branches of science. It is made 
Avith a japanned iron foot, with two columns supporting arm, with joint to 
incline the body at any angle ; nickel plated body ; draw-tube to increase 
magnifying power ; adjustment by means of rack and pinion ; concave mirror, 
swinging so as to give oblique illumination when desired, and capable of being 
brought above the stage to reflect light on opaque objects. The camera lucida, 
which accompanies it, is a valuable addition to its usefulness, and with a very 
little practice will enable any one to make, by the aid of it, drawings of the 
magnified image of objects. The objective is two-lens separable, and gives, in 
combination with the draw-tubes, a range of powers from 50 to 100 diameters. 
It is accompanied by a glass slide, with cell for fluids, a plain glass slide and 
one mounted object, and is inclosed in black walnut case $15.00 




'So. 301'3— Compoundt 

Cut one-third of actual size. 



No. 505. Same as above, but with achromatic objective 18.00 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



"5 




JJlj 
aro. 2001, 




]¥o. 3005. 




lUTo. 3007. 



No. 2000. Boys' microscope , style of No. 2001 ; single lens objective ; power 

25 diameters $ 3.00 

No. 2001. Boys' microscope; three-lens separable objective ; power 25 to 

60 diameters .' 3.7 c; 

No. 2005. Boys' microscopes; iron foot; single-lens objective ; power 30 

diameters 3.7c; 

No. 2006. Boys' microscope ; iron foot, jointed ; two objectives; powers 30 

to 50 diameters 6.00 

No. 2007. Boys' microscope ; iron foot, jointed ; three lens objectives, which 

can be used separately; powers 25 to 75 diameters , 7.50 

All the above microscopes come in neat mahogany cases, with a pair of brass 
tweezers, two glass slides, and one mounted object. 

Excelsior Pocket and Dissecting 
Microscope. 

No 321. Dissecting microscope, with 
three lenses, which can be used either 
separately or together, giving powers of 
from 5 to 30 diameters, the first being 
admirably adapted to the examination 
of the larger parts of flowers, insects, 
etc., while the latter is sufficient for dis- 
secting them and examining their more 
minute structure. Two dissecting 
needles accompany it. $4.12 

No. 320. Same as above, with but two 
lenses $3.75 




ii6 



A. H. Andretvs S Co., Chicago. 



Magnetic Compasses. 



The size gf these Compasses is 
indicated by " M " which stands for 
Millimeter — about i-35th of an inch. 

No. iSoo. Strong Brass Case, with stops 40 M. . $1 40 
« u .< n <i <i •. 50 M.. I so 




No. 1800. 40 M. 



Prisms for Reflection of Light. 

No. 700. Prism of Crown Glass finely polished, 

3 inches long- $1 00 

No. 701. Same, 4 inches long i 50 

No. 702. Same, 6 inches long 2 50 

No. 703. Same, 8 inches long 400 



Thermometers. 



7 inch, Fahrenheit Scale, best. 

8 inch, " " " . 
10 inch, " " " . 
12 inch, " " " . 



> 50 

75 

I 00 

I 25 



Lead Pencils. 

Eagle Academic Pencils — 6 Grades : 
Extra Soft, Soft, Soft Medium, Medium, Hard, Extra Hard. 

Round, perdoz 40c 

Hexagon, per doz 50c 

Dixon's American Graphite — 5 Grades : 
Soft, Soft Medium, Medium, Hard, Very Hard. 

Round, per doz 5gc 

Hexagon, per doz 60c 

Faber's Polygrades — 5 Grades : 
12 3 4 5 

Soft, Soft Medium, Medium, Hard, Very Hard. 

Round, per doz 50c 

Hexagon, per doz 60c 



Other Philosophical and Chemical Apparatus, 

Such as Electrical Machines, Air Pumps, Batteries, etc., we can furnish 
to order, all of the best quality made. But we cannot keep a supply 
of these g^oods in stock for various reasons. 



Catalogue of School Furniture. 



117 



Set of Blackboard Instruments. 









1 1 1 t 1 1 I I 1 


1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 t 1 







, . » -) 



■ ' I ' ' ' ' I ' ' ■ ' ' ■ I ' ' I 



■ I I I ' I ' I I ' I I I ' I 



' I I ■ ' I t I I I I ' ' I ' 



I Im I 



This set is made of wood and contains a 36-inch Straight Edge, a 24-inch 
T Square, a 24-inch Triangle, and a 15^-inch Protractor. Price per set, $5. 

School Mathematical Instruments 

Of Brass and German Silver, in Patent Slide Wood Boxes. 



No. 
383-1. 
382-2. 
382-3. 
0383- 
383-1- 

383-3. 

383-3- 
384-1. 

384-2. 
384-3. 

385-1- 

38.S-2. 
385-3- 
385^-1- 

385K-2. 
3855^-3 




BRASS. 

Pair Compasses, 4^ in., with Pencil-points, 

^y^ » u u . . . 

6% " a u . . 

" " 4^ " " Pen and Pencil-points, 

" ^% " " " " and 

Lengthening -bar, 

SK " 
" " 6% " " " " •' 

" " 4^ " " " Fixed Needle-points, Pen 

and Pencil-point, and Lengthening-bar, 

6X " » " 
GERMAN SILVER. 

Pair Compasses, ^]^ in., with Pen and Pencil-points, and 

Lengthening-bar 
SVz " 

ey^ '• " " 
" " 4^ " " " Fixed Needle-points, Pen 

and Pencil- points and Lengthening-bar, 

.s'A " " " 
ey " u 



EACH. 
.60 

■75 
•85 
■65 

.80 

■95 
1. 10 

I. GO 

I-I5 
1.30 



1-75 
1.90 
2,25 

2.05 
2.35 
2.60 



ii8 



A. J3. Andrews <£• Co., Chicago. 



Hamilton's Reversible Air-Pump, 

And Pneumatic Apparatus. 

We present this as the best apparatus in the mariiet for the price. 




The above apparatus meets the wants of teachers in Common and Higher 
Schools. With it can be performed all the experiments in Philosophy usually per- 
formed with apparatus costing from $50 to $200. It is durable, not liable to get 
out of order, so simple that a child can use it, and oftered at a price within the 
means of every teacher or board of education. 

The Hamilton Pump has combined in one piece, an Exhausting Purap, a Condensing Pump 
and a Stop-cock. It can be instantly changed from an exhauster to a condenser, or vice versa, by 
simply turning the key or stop-plug D, without detaching it from receiver, or requiring change of 
parts. The pump, when attached, always stands perpendicular to the top of the Receiver (see cut), 
thus preventing the breaking of receivers and tops so frequent with pumps attached at a right 
angle with the receiver. In construction it is simple and durable. The Pump is made of extra 
brass. The barrel of the pump i, is an ordinary cylinder in whicn the piston, marked 2, works. 
To the cylinder is fastened the base of the pump having in it the key D with which the changes 
are made. The key is the same as in a commoa stop-cock ; but having three air passages instead 
of one. It contains no valves or other parts to get out of order, and never having to be removed 
from the base, cannot become scratched and leak. A plate fitting in the top of the base covers the 
exhausting valve E, and contains the condensing valve F. The plate can be quickly removed and 
the valves easily repaired or replaced. In other pumps the valves are usually difficult to get at, 
and much time and skill is required to keep them in order. A hand-book giving full instructions 
for performing over 200 experiments in philosophy will accompany each set of apparatus. 

Price Iiist. — Hamilton's Reversible Air Pump B, warranted $11.00; Two Stop-cocks Q_U, 
$2.50 ; one connector L, 60 cts. ; one brass platej, %2 i,o ; one brass tube, 25 cts. ; one jet T, 50 cts. ; 
two single nut-caps H, So cts. ; one double nut-cap R 43 cts. ; one nut-cap with tube O, 60 cts.; 
twelve feet rubber tubing P, $1.50; band and thin rubber sheeting V Z, 70 cts.; two movable re- 
ceivers M, §1.00; one bell jar A, $1.50; Can wrench 3, 10 cts. ; book of experiments W, $1.00. 

Total S25, carefully packed in a box. Sent on receipt of price, or by Express, C. O. D. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



119 



School Room Clocks. 




DROP OCTAGON CALENDAR.— (Spring.) 

These clocks have been selected from the best manufacture. It 
is well known that America leads the world in excellent low-priced 
clocks ! Those represented on this and two pages follow^ing are 
specially adapted to public School-rooixis, Churches, Halls and Offices. 
Purchasers will be able to make their selections from the brief descrip- 
tions given. Of course, the larger the dial, the farther the time can 
be seen, and the better adapted to large roooms. The Eigllt-Day 
clocks will often be selected because they require winding but once 
a week. The Calendar clocks indicate the day of the month. The 
prices given are lower than some of the manufacturers lists. 

Height, 24 inches. Dial, 12 inches. 
8 Day Time, $5.50. 8 Day Strike, $6.50. 

Drop Octagon, R. C. Spring, same size, without calendar, 8 day time, $4.50. 
Strike, $5.50. 

Small Drop Octagon, R. C. Spring, same style as above cut, without calendar, 
height 17- inches. Dial 8 inches, 8 day time, $4.00. 8 day strike, $5.00. 



A. M. Andrews & Co., Chicago. 



Small Regulator — Spring. 

Walnut Veneer (Solid Walnut Circle). 

Heig^ht 21 inches. Dial, Sinchs. S Day 
Timei $5.00. S Day Strike, $6.00. 
(See cut.) 



Regulator, D. R. (visible 
pendulum). Height, 31 inches. 
Dial, 12 inches, 8 Day Time, 
$8. 8 Day Strike, $9. 



Regulator, Calendar (spring), 
visible pendulum, Ht. 32 in. 
Dial, 12 in., 8 Day Time, %i. 
8 Day Strike, $9. 





Round Corner Calendar Lever. 

1 Day Strike, 10 in. Dial, $4.20. 
8 Day Time, 8 inch Dial, $4.00. 




Canton. 

(Nickel or Brass.) 

6 and 8 in. Dial 1 Day or 8 Day 
Time, Time Alarm, or Strike. 
Time, 1 Day 6 inch, - - $3.00 
Time, 8 Day 8 inch, • - $4.00 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



The ESstell 

Programme Regulator. 




Length, 31 inches. 12 inch Dial. 



Price, 



$19 25 



This Clock has a visible pendulum. 

The arrangement for setting to any Programme is in front, 
through the lower separate door. 

This Clock is a superior Eight-Day time-piece, put up in a walnut 
finished case. It is easily set to strike any desired programme of 
exercises in which the intervals consist of five minutes or multiples of 
five, thus : It can be set to strike at 9.00, 9.05, 9.30, 9.50, etc., or at 
other five minutes during the day. It gives a single, clear stroke, like 
a " call bell." When once arranged it needs no changing, except as 
the order of exercises is changed, and then the change is easily and 
quickly made. 



Ji, H. Andrews & Co., Chicago. 



Sharp Gothic, V. P. Sprite Calendar Alarm.— Nickel. 

Rosewood, Zebra, or Mahog-any. Dial, 4 inches, i Day Time, Calendar, Alarm. $2.50> 




Yale (Jem. — Nickel 



Sprite Alarm. — Nickel. 

Heigfht, 3 inches. Dial, i^ inches. r-. . • t^ r^. ., tv- rr, 

I Day Time, $1.50. Dial 4 in., i Day Time, Alarm. i Day Time, Qr. Strike, $2. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



123 



The "Scribe." 



Ink Stand Calendar. 



For private School, or Office Desk use. 




Dial 4 inches. $4.00. 



Finished in black and gold, bronzed and gold, and verde and black 
The Clock is arranged to be removed for winding without disturbing 
the inks. This is a novel and beautiful design. 



124 



A. a. Andrews <© Co., CJiicago, 



Light Gymnastic Apparatus. 




Wooden Dumb Bells for Ladies' Schools. 

Polished Mapel. 

90c 

$1 00 

I 10 

1 20 

- - - I 50 

2 00 

Swing-ing" Ring's 

Of three pieces of hard wood glued together, per pair, $1 cxd 

Wands 

Of Black Walnut, per Dozen, - - - $4 00 



y. 


pound 


each, 


per pair, 


Va 


(( 


(( 




I 


(( 


t,. 




2 


(( 


(( 




3 


(( 


(( 




4 


(.i. 


(( 





DR. F. G. JOHNSON'S THIRTY DOLLAR 

Home Health-Lift and Lift-Exercise. 

^^varded. th.e CenterLnial M!edal. 





R 




W 




H 


H 


<! 


Hi 


& 


n 


P 


< 


< 


&^ 


K 


« 


C3 







Ph 








1 


> 





f> 


H 








H 


g 


v^ 





Cl 


?^ 




t* 

§ 

g 







J^ Complete Grymnasium. 

Commended by Thousands of the Highest Authority. 

For all Workers of the Brain — all Sedentary Men, Women and 

Children — all Chronic Invalids, and all Seekers of 

Health and Strength. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



125 



More " Testimony " Concerning the New Folding Lid or Study Desk. 



Chicago, III., May, 1881. 

This may certify that we have used Andrews' Folding Lid or Triumph 
Study Desks in our Public School on 45th street, near St. Lawrence Avenue, for 
about two years, and have found them highly satisfactory. We know of no 
school desk for which we would exchange these. The adjustable hinge leaf 
affords a book-rest, and the closing of the lid over the book-box is a protection to 
the books, giving satisfaction to the pupil. The folding also reduces the space 
more than any desk in the market. 

The Study Desk is handsome, strong and very comfortable to sit in. One 
great advantage we have found is the adaptation of this desk for use in rooms 
where public meetings are to be held. 

We may state that our Board so much preferred the Folding Top Desks 
that we removed the Stationary Top Desks already in the building and in com- 
parative good order, in order to give place to the improved desks. 

CHAS. L. WIGHT, \j^i''^^^ors Dist. No. 7. 



A man of practical common sense volunteers his opinion of the new Folding Lid. 

Syracuse, Otoe Co., Neb., Oct. 17, 1878. 
A. H. Andrews «fe Co., 

Dear Sirs : I have delayed writing in order to give the desks the test of 
the school-room. The study Leaf is in use constantly. By stretching a cord from 
one buffer to the other the book is kept open. It is more convenient to lift the 
lid than the seat, to get out, and then the books are accessible without crouching. 
The curves of the seat and back are natural and easy, and the whole desk and 
seat is substantial and pleasing, artistic and elegant. The seat joint is noiseless. 

These desks have been examined by those familiar with the and the 

Folding Top, and are pronounced superior, not only for use in a room sometimes 
used as an assembly room, but for ordinary school purposes. 

I am well known in this county and State, and you are at liberty to use my 
statements if you desire. Yours respectful I v, 

U. T. YOS^, Dist .No. ig. 

From " India's Coral Strand." 

Bassein, Burmah, Asia, 1878. 

Gentlemen : Herewith my very best thanks for that lot of School Desks 
and seats. The gentleman redeemed his word fully. The castings and the wood 
work is much superior to what 1 got through the Boston agent three years ago. 

There were almost no breakages (only two sets of irons broken), and we 
now have set up and in use 52 double desks and seats, which are a credit to the 
manufacturers, a joy to our eyes, and a comfort to the backbones and legs of the 
pupils who may sit in them for 30 years to come, I hope. If any of the American 
friends could sit for half an hour in one of our old home-made desks and then 
change to one of these, and then consider for half a minute that in this ennervating 
climate the restlessness that is almost inseparable from childhood in a school- 
room, is intensiiied four-fold over the home climate, none of them would longer 
question the wisdom of buying these, at less than double the cost of those. 

I believe in economy of nerves and brains, muscles and bones, rather than 
in the present saving of a few dollars. These boys and girls, when their day 
comes for giving, will give back the extra cost with compound interest. 

Yours respectfully, C. H. CARPENTER. 

Geneva Lake, Wis., July 18, 1878. 
A. H. Andrews & Co., 

Gentlemen : I have examined your new Folding Leaf Desk with book-rest, 
carefully. It seems specially adapted to school rooms intended to be used for occa- 
sional assembly purposes. The Book-rest is a valuable feature. The workman- 
ship is,- like that of your other desks, equal to any in the market in durability and 
finish. None other has been so satisfactory to me in use. 

Yours truly, G. S. ALBEE. 

I fully concur with Prin. Albee's opinion of the Folding Desk. 

W. D. Parker, River Falls. 



A. H. Andrews .j» Co., Chicago. 



Books. 

Andrews' Slate Drawing Book, Revised, per doz $ i 50 

S jpher's Art of Teaching School i ^o 

Teacher's Guide to Illustrations, explaining use of School Apparatus 1 00 

Webb's First Lessons in Language and Drawing 25 

Johnson's Key to Philosophical Charts, a Complete Book on Philosophy. , 3 00 

Key to Camp's Maps i 00 

Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, Illustrated 12 00 

" National Pictorial Dictionary ^ 00 

Globe Manual 35 

Manual of the Mac Vicar and Andrews' Tellurian Globes, each 35 

Manual of the Gross Globe 20 

Andrews' Kindergarten Catalogue containing list of Books on the System, 10 

The Blackboard in the Sunday School. By Frank Baird i 00 

Through the Eye to the Heart. By Rev. W. F. Crafts 80 

Primary Object Lessons. By N. A. Calkins i 50 

Miscellaneous. 

Slate Washers , 25 

Slate Erasers (Andrews' New) per doz 60 

Webb's School and Family Cards, in Box, (with Picture Lessons) 8 00 

Webb's Picture Lessons, separate i 25 

Book Clamps, Holbrook's Patent 50 

Andrews's Book-Rest i 00 

Slate Pencils, per box, 100 in each , 25 

Writing Papers. 

These Papers are neatly put up in wrappers, with the numbers and weights 
marked on each package. The Note papers are in quarter ream packages, and 
the Letter, Cap, Legal, Sermon and Ledger papers in half ream packages. 

Octavo Note, 5 pounds to the ream, - - Price per ream, $ i 35 

Commercial Note, 4 " " - . u u j Sq 

5 " " - " " I 35 

" " 6 " " - - «' " I 62 

" " 6 " " Long fold, " *' I 62 

" " 7 " " - - " " I 90 

Packet Note, 7 " " - u u j cp 

Letter Paper, 8 " " - - « «t 2 16 

" 10 " " - - " " 2 70 

" 14 " " - - " " 3 78 

Foolscap, 8 " " - - " " 2 26 

" 10 " " - - «« " 2 70 

" 12 " " - u u 2 24 

14 " « . . " » 3 78 

" 16 " " - - i< << ^ 32 

Legal Cap, 10 " " - - " •' 3 00 

" 12 " '* - - « <i 2 6q 

" 14 " " - - " " 4 20 

" 16 " " - - " " 4 80 

Sermon Bath, 8 " " - - " " 2 40 

" 10 " " - - ci a 3 QQ 

Ledger Cap, 14 " " - - " " 3 87 

Envelopes. 

We have constantly on hand Envelopes of various sizes and styles, among 
which are the following. The prices given are for one thousand Envelopes, put 
up in boxes each containing two hundred and fifty. 

No. 5, Letter. No. 6, Business. 

Common X, White, Amber, Canary or Buff, - $ i 25 $ i 40 

Fine X, ^^ u u t, _ j ^ j ^^ 

Extra XX, " u u » . j g^ ^ ^^ 

" Fine, XXX, " " «... 2 20 2 50 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



127 



Pocket Maps of Foreign Countries. 

These maps are neatly bound in cloth cases. 
Africa, in three sheets, two being 21 x 14 inches, and one 14 x 11 inches, 

and showing plans of cities of Algiers and Tunis $ .75 

Australia and New Zealand, 21 x 14 inches, with plans of Sydney and 

Port Jackson 50 

Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, 21 x 14 inches, with plans of Vienna. . .50 
Belgium and The Netherlands, 21 x 14 inches, with plan of Brussels. . .50 

Central America, 14x11 inches 50 

China, 21x14 inches .' 50 

Cuba, 21 X 14 inches 50 

Denmark, 14x11 inches, with Northern portion of the German Empire, 

comprising Schleswig-Holstein and Lauenburg .50 

England and Wales, 21 x 14 inches, with index to cities, towns, etc 75 

Europe, 21 x 14 inches 50 

France, 21 x 14 inches, with plan of Paris and index to cities, towns, etc. .75 
Germany, in two sheets, 21 x 14 inches each, index to cities, towns, etc. . . i.oo 

Greece, and the Ionian Islands, 21 x 14 inches 50 

India, Indo-China and Further India, 21 x 14 inches, with plans of Calcut- 
ta and Bombay 50 

Ireland, 21 x 14 inches, with index to cities, towns, etc 75 

Italy, 21x14 inches 50 

Japan, in two sheets, 21 x 14 inches each 75 

Mexico, 21 X 14 inches 50 

North America, 21 x 14 inches, showing the West India Islands and 

Central America. Not kept in stock. 

Oceanica, 21 x 14 inches 50 

Palestine, 21x14 inches, with plats showing Environs of Jerusalem, 

journeyings of Christ, and sketch showing division into tribes 50 

Persia and Afghanistan, 14x11 inches 50 

Russia (European), 21 x 14 inches . 50 

Scotland, 21x14 inches, with index to cities, towns, etc 75 

South America, in two sheets, 21 x 14 inches each, showing plans of Bay 

of Rio de Janeiro, Isthmus ot Panama and City of Buenos Avres 75 

Spain and Portugal, 21 x 14 inches, with plans of Madrid and Lisbon. . . .50 

Sweden and Norway, 21 x 14 inches 50 

Switzerland, 21 x 14 inches 50 

Turkey in Asia (Asia Minor) and Transcaucasia, 21 x 14 inches 50 

Turkey in Europe, 21x14 inches 50 

World, on Mercator's Projection, 21x14 inches 50 

Large Scale Maps of Foreign Countries. 

Prices of these elegant Wall Maps, printed in Europe, are net. 

Africa, 4 sheets, 94 miles to an inch, 65 x 58 inches Mounted, $ 16.00 

Asia, 4 sheets, i lo miles to an inch, 65 x 58 inches " 16.00 

Australia, 26 miles to an inch, 108 x 78 inches " 25.00 

British Isles, 8 miles to the inch, 79 x 75 inches " 16.00 

England and Wales, 5 miles to an inch, S4 x 72 inches " 20.00 

England and Wales, 8 miles to an inch, 42 x 34 inches " 4.00 

Europe, 50 miles to an inch, 65 x 58 inches " 16.00 

France, Carte Orographique Hydrographique et Routiere de la 

France, 55 x 50 inches " 10.00 

Germany, Grosse Contor und Bureau Karte des Deutschen 

Reiches, 85 x 73 inches '. . . " 9.00 

Holy Land, to illustrate the Old and New Testaments, 4^ 

miles to the inch, 58 x 50 inches " 6.00 

Japan, (Brinton's), 20 miles to an inch, 59 x 48 inches " 10.00 

Japan, Knipping's Map of, 17^ miles to an inch, 66 x 54 inches, " 20.00 

Mexico, 72 X 52 inches " 22.50 

North America, 83 miles to an inch, 65 x 58 inches " 16.00 

Persia, 16 miles to an inch, 78 x 78 inches " 8.00 

South America, 83 miles to an inch, 65 x 58 inches. ....... " 16.00 

World, (Johnston's) 72 X 56 inches " i5-oo 

i|[^"Maps of any part of the world furnished to order.^^^J) 



128 



A. H. Andrews <S> Co., Chicago. 



New R. R. and County Map of the TJ. S. and Canada. 

Mounted upon cloth, with rollers top and bottom, $15.00; or rollers at each end, 
" Panoramic Mounting," accommodating itself to any required space, $16.00. 
Compiled from the latest Government surveys, and drawn to an accurate scale; 
size 100 X 58 inches; scale 32 miles to one inch; borders of States and Counties 
beautifully tinted, colors being printed from plates secured by letters patent. 
This work has occupied two years in compilation and engraving, at a cost of near- 
ly $20,000, plates have been carefully corrected to date, presenting the finest work 
of art of its kind. This Map is deserving of special mention as being the first 
map of the United States made upon a geometrical projection since the war. 



Specimens of Minerals^ 

Crystals and Fragments of Minerals. 
25 in box $ 80 

5° " 130 

loo " 260 

100 not in box i 30 

200 " 260 

300 " 360 

Minerals. 

25 Student's Size, in box $ 2 20 

50 " " " 400 

100 " " " S 00 

100 •' " not in box 650 

200 " " " 1300 

High School or Academy Size, for shelf, 
2 1-2 by 3 1-2 inches. 

100 Specimens $ 32 00 

200 '• 6400 

300 " 130 GO 



Shells, etc. for Students. 

College Size, 3 1-2 by 6 inches. 

100 Specimens... J 6500 

200 " iSo 00 

Blow-Pipe Series to order. 

Seymour Collection. 

JO Specimens, in paste-board box J 6 25 

SO " in black-walnut boxes.. . 750 

50 " no box 450 

25 Specific Grav, in box 2 25 

50 Specimens of Ores and Minerals. . . 6 25 

100 " " " ... 13 00 

Other sample packag-es containing- Gold, 

Zinc, Iron, Lead, Copper, Earthy Minerals, 

Zeolite, etc., sent to order. 

Shells. 

25 Genera, 25 species, in box $ 175 

no box 6 50 



SO 
100 



100 
300 



in box. 



S 00 
32 00 



Mats for Doors, Halls, Porches, Aisles, Schools, Churches, 

Halls and Offices. 



No. 2. Size, 
" 3 



Best Quality Srush Mats, — Cocoa.. 

27 X 17 inches Each, 

30X 18 " . " 



No. I. 

" 3- 

" 4- 

" 5- 

" 6. 



35 -^ 21 
38 X 24 
42 X 26 
45x28 
48 X 30 



2.25 
2.50 

2.70 

3-25 

4.C0 

4-50 
5.00 

5-5° 



Second Quality Brush Mats. 

Size, 24 X 14 inches Each, ij> 1.25 



27 X 15 
30 X 18 
30 X 20 

36 X 22 

38x24 



1.80 
2.25 

2-35 
3.00 

3-50 



No. o. Size, 



Cane Mats. 

inches Each, 



$1.00 
1.20 
1.60 

2.25 
2-75 



" 2. " 33x19 " " 

" 3. " 34x22 " " 

" 4. " 36x24 " " 

Special sizes can be furnished to order ; medium, Cocca, per square foot, 50 
cents ; extra. Cocoa, per square foot, 65 cents. 

Letters, Numbers or Monograms can be inserted in scarlet (wool), per square 
foot, $1.00. 

Braided Chain Mats. 

Cane, per square foot $ .30 

Cocoa, " .3 :; 



Catalogue of School Furniture. 



129 



Plans 

— AND — 

Specifications of School Houses, 



We have concluded to present on the following pages, designs of school 
buildings specially adapted to the wants of the country districts, and smaller 
villages. 

We do this for two reasons ; firit, to assist our patrons and all interested in 
the cause of common school education ; second, to render this publication of still 
more permanent value. 

We trust it will be found by many a school board, that we have thus helped 
them to a large saving in the outlay of time and money ; for it is no small matter, 
after the question of a site for the new school house has been decided — on the 
battle field it may be — to settle upon a //«« that shall be satisfactory in respect of 
economy, comfort, and attractiveness. 

The plans and specifications here given are taken from the pamphlet recently 
published by the State of Wisconsin, and edited by the Hon. W. C. Whitford, late 
Superintendent of Public Instruction. They may therefore be relied upon as 
containing all essential modern improvements and suggestions up to date. 

For further information and particulars, especially for larger and more elabo- 
rate buildings, we are happy to refer our friends to the same source. 

It will be noticed that much attention is given to the subject of ventilation — 
none too much, however. Fresh air is as important as food, ventilation as im- 
portant at least, as the matter of heating. Ignorant people will open their eyes 
when told that half the diseases of the race are owing to foul air! Privy vaults, 
also properly ventilated, should be provided for both sexes. For other hygienic 
conditions, such as proper lighting of school rooms, etc., we would refer the reader 
to the reports of the Wisconsin State Board of Health. 

As to the following plans, etc., we think there is not a superfluous word used, 
and that all will be found entirely correct and reliable ; and we are sure these 
pages will be well worth a careful study. 

Before coming to the main buildings, a word as to the construction of out- 
houses. The provision of privy vaults and proper arrangement of the same, will 
well-nigh determine whether a community is civilized or barbarous ! Room, 
cleanliness, ventilation and privacy are the four requisites to consider. Fine 
sand should be sprinkled on last coat of paint inside to prevent cutting and mark- 
ing the wood. Light and sunshine should be admitted. Urinals should be placed 
in the boys' department. The vaults should be made tight to prevent affecting the 
ground, and so as to be easily cleaned. From each vault a tightly made flue 
should extend above the roof with a hood on top to increase draught and keep out 
rain. Dry earth, or ashes sprinkled over contents of vaults acts as a disinfectant. 



I30 



A. H. Andrews & Co., Chicago. 



The first design for a one-room school building was prepared by Messrs. 
Edbrooke and Burnham, architects, Chicago. It is beautiful in style, complete in 
its symmetry, and convenient in its internal arrangements. Three years since, a 
house of this model was erected in a small village in the West for $950.00. 

The base of the building proper is 24^^ by 36 feet, and its height 13 feet 
between joists; and the base of the wood-house is 8^ by 11^ feet, and its height 
10 feet. The floor surface of the wardrobes, each 5 by 8^ feet, is 85 square feet ; 
and of the school room, 23 by 29 feet, is 667 square feet. It furnishes ample space 
for forty-two pupils at double desks, and it can well accommodate thirty-six at 
single desks. For each of the former number of pupils, the school room provides 
nearly 16 square feet of floor, and fully 206 cubic feet of air; and for the latter 
number, 18^ square feet of floor, and 240.S cubic feet of air. The area of the 
windows in this room is equal to almost one-fourth of its floor surface. 




DESIGN^ I PERSPECTIVE VIEW. 



The main feature of this building consists in the superior facilities for warm- 
ing and ventilating the school room. The fresh air, after entering the air-chamber 
through the openings in the outside walls under the joists, passes another open- 
ing at least 20 bv 22 inches in size, into one of Smead's school room heaters, 
where it is Avarmed to about 120 degrees on an average. It then is driven into 
the room in the volume already mentioned, and distributed throughout in course 
of thirty minutes. It is afterwards withdrawn, as it descends to the floor, first, in 
part by draught of the heater; and second, through the registers, and under the 
floor, and then into the ventilating flue in the chimney. Three forces are always 
operating in cold weather to drive the foul air through these registers, viz : the 
expansive power given by the heater to the air as it enters the room; the con- 
densation of the air as it cools rapidly in contact with the windows, where it drops 
immediately into the registers beneath ; and the exhaustion created in the venti- 
lating flue by, the heat derived from the smoke escaping through another flue in 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



131 



the chimney. If desired, a cheaper device in the form of a cast-iron ventilating 
base can be placed in the wall next to the floor under each window of the room, 
in the place of the register, as shown on the floor plan. 




^' GROUND PL/-\r' pQ 




□f 



fD 




E E E, Piers. 

Arrows indicate foul air taken down 
through the floor openings, F F F. 
B, Ventilating flue. 
A, Smoke flue. 

D, Fresh air chamber under heater. 
C C, Fresh air. 




A, Fuel room. 

B, Ventilating flue. 

C, Smoke flue 

D, Smoke pipe. 

E, Heater. 

F, Ventilating Registers in floor. 

G, Teacher's platform. 
H, Girls' Wardrobe. 
J, Entrance. 

K, Boys' Wardrobe. 



132 



A. H. Andrews <t Co., Chicago. 




SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF THE BUILDING. 

Excavating. — Do all necessary excavating for the footings of the foundations 
and piers; and use all earth so excavated in grading around the building, or haul 
the same away from the premises, if the building committee so direct. 

Mason Work. — All foundations lor main outside walls and the piers in centre 
of building to be of the best rubble stone found in the vicinity. Use the largest 
stones for "the footings. All to be flat-bedded, and laid in best common mortar. 
All work exposed to view above ground line to be neatly pointed. 

Brick Work.—^\x\\d. the vent and smoke flues full height from top of footings, 
and the foundation of school room heater of the best common brick found in 
the vicinity. Leave two openings in outside wall to admit fresh air to heater. 
Provide a 4 by 8 inch, cut stone sill, four inches longer than opening. 

Also leave an opening in bottom of vent-stack, as shown by section ; this 
opening to be below the bottom of joists, and must be equal in area to that of 
vent-flue. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 133 

Top out the vent-stack, as shown in perspective, and build in any and all sup- 
ports for ventilator cap. 

Carpenter and Joiner Work. — All the materials of every kind to be the best 
quality of their grade. The finishing lumber to be well seasoned and kept dry 
till put up. 

Unless otherwise specified, the timber to be used is to be white pine, of a 
good quality, and free from defects of all kinds ; and in all cases to be suitable for 
the place where it is to be used. The joists and studding are to be dry, if such 
can be procured. They are to be made of equal widths, if not already so. 

For dimensions and divisions of the building, references will be had to the 
plans. Roof and space under joists all as shown by the illustrations. 

All studding to be 2 by 4-inch, placed 16 inches from centers ; all to have two 
rows of cross-bridging, well fitted and thoroughly nailed. Make all corners 
plumb and true. All partitions to have single footings and double caps. 

Joists, 2 by lo-inch, placed 16 inches from centers ; ceiling joists, 2 by 6-inch, 
placed 20 inches from centers ; roof rafters, 2 by 6-inch, placed 20 inches from 
centers ; and roof braces, i by 6-inch, placed 20 inches from centers. 

Construct roof as shown, the ceiling joists, roof rafters, and braces, all to 
be thoroughly nailed, and well secured to plate. 

Wall-plates. — The plates on top of stone foundation are to be two thicknesses, 
the bottom plate 2 by 8-inch, and top thickness 1 by 8-inch ; the joints to be 
broken, and this plate to be secured to stone-wall by placing ^-inch bolts in the 
wall at every 8 feet. 

Girder. — The center girder to be 8 by 10-inch ; the joist to be notched into 
same and well spiked. There will be no outside sills, as shown by section ; and 
to make a perfect job, place pieces of 2 by lo-inch joists, 14 inches long, between 
these outer ends of the joists, and thoroughly spike them in place. All the joists 
and these short pieces to be thoroughly spiked to the wall-plate. 

Bridging. — Each span of main floor joists to have one row of 2 by 3-inch 
bridging, well fitted and nailed with two ten-penny nails at each end. The ceiling 
joists to have two rows, as above specified, for main joists. 

Headers and Trimmers. — All headers and trimmers must be double thick and 
thoroughly secured. 

Roof Lining. — Line the roof with matched and dressed, common fencing 
flooring, laid close and thoroughly nailed. 

Water Gutters. — These are made at the eaves by placing 2 by 4-inch studding, 
dressed, on top of shingles ; and covering the same with best I. C. roofing tin, 
painted on the under side. 

Shingles — Shingle the main roof and bell tower roof with the best quality of 
sawed pine shingles, laid not more than 4 inches to the weather, and well nailed. 

Flooring. — All flooring to be as follows, and double thick ; — the first layer 
to be common, surfaced boards, and to be put down when joists are in place, and 
to extend out to ends of joists and thoroughly nailed. No partitions to be set 
imtil the first thickness of floor is laid. 

The top floor to be i by 4-inch, surfaced, and jointed, square-edge B. flooring, 



134 -^- -H. Andrews & Co., Chicago, 



nailed through the face with two ten-penny nails at each joist in each piece of 
flooring. 

Cornice. — Exterior cornice to extend all around building, as shown, and all to 
be of pine. 

Felting. — Cover the sheathing over with best building felting, well lapped. 

Sheathiyig. — The entire outside of building to be sheathed with common, sur- 
faced boards, well nailed, and laid close. 

Siding. — Cover the walls of building with best quality of 6-inch siding, laid 
not more than 4 inches to the weather ; all to be thoroughly nailed. 

Put on all corner-boards, window casings, water-table, etc., as shown. Cas- 
ings and corner-boards to be \y% inches thick and ^i/l inches wide. 

Door Steps and Hood. — Build front door steps as shown ; treads to be il( 
inches thick, with ^-inch risers. Construct the buttress string as shown ; and 
complete the hood and pilasters at front door in a complete manner. 

Bell Tower. — Construct the bell tower as shown, and furnish the same with a 
neat galvanized iron finial. Tin the deck, and make the same perfectly water- 
tight. 

Cresting. — Furnish and place the wood cresting on ridge of roof, and finish 
same in a neat manner, all as in perspective. 

Inside Finish. — All inside doors and windows to have a neat center beaded 
ji/^ by 53^-inch pilaster finish, with a neatly turned stop block at corners. Wain- 
scot the walls of the school room the height of stool cap of windows, with i bv 
3-inch narrow beaded stuff ; the hall to be wainscoted 4 feet high, and wardrobes 6 
feet high, and of same material as above specified for school room. Cap the same 
with a neat mold. The wainscoting under blackboard in school room to have a 
wide cap with groove in same to hold chalk. 

Furnish and place a 3-inch astragal-mold on walls of school room, 4 feet 
above top of wainscoting, to separate blackboard from plastering. 

Doors. — All inside doors to be i3^-inch, O. G., and four panels. Front doors 
to be molded as shown. 

Windows. — All windows to have pulleys, etc., and to be hung with best sash 
cord, and cast-iron weights. 

Furnish the frame for fresh-air opening under school room heater. Make of 
i^-inch stuff and place a ^-inch mesh woven wire-screen in same, to prevent 
vermin from entering the air-chamber. 

All sash to be i}^ inches thick, with i^-inch check-rail. 

Inside Blinds. — All windows in main building are to have inside blinds in 
four leaves, all to have rolling slats and no panels. Hang them Avith wrought 
iron butts, and fit them in a complete manner. 

Grounds. — Put up J^ by 2-inch grounds for all finish of doors, windows, and 
wainscoting. 

Fnrring. — The ceiling of school room to be furred with i by 2-inch strips, 
placed 16 inches from centers ; all to be well nailed to each ceiling joist. 

Hard-ware, Tritnmings, Etc. — Hang the outside main entrance doors, each 



Catalogue of School Furniture. i3S 



■with three 5^ by 5^-inch loose-joint wrought japanned butts. Hang all other 
doors with three 5 by 5-inch wrought japanned butts. 

The front doors and all other doors to have black or jet knobs. 

To the front entrance doors put on a good brass-faced mortise-lock, with safe 
night works, steel keys, etc. Put on all other doors a good quality of brass-faced 
mortise-locks. 

The front entrance doors to have imitation face, and bolts at top and bottom. 

Hang the front transom at top with wrought iron hinges, and put on an im- 
itation bronze cupboard catch at the bottom. 

All sash to have black japanned sash locks of a good quality ; all inside blinds 
to have imitation bronze shutter bars, knobs, etc., and all sash to have imitation 
bronze sash lifts. 

Clothes Hooks. — Each wardrobe to have 25 good, strong double clothes hooks, 
such as generally used in school buildings. 

Put good rubber tipped bumpers, or base knobs, behind all doors, to prevent 
them from striking the plastering. 

Also, furnish and place in floor, where shown, the floor ventilating registers, 
same to be black japanned, with rolling slats or fans, and filling the openings 12 
by 18 inches each. 

Finally. — The carpenter must clear out all rubbish, lumber, benches, etc., and 
sweep all floors clean, and leave the building free from all dirt. 

Scuttle. — Build a scuttle to attic where directed, and make a good substantia 
step-ladder to the same. 

Painting and Glazing. — Paint all exterior wood and metal work ; three coats 
of best quality of white lead and linseed-oil, mixed with color, if so directed by 
the building committee. All tin and metal work must first have one heavy coat 
of metallic paint. All sash and front doors to be painted an olive green. 

All inside work to have two good heavy coats of best quality of paint, the last 
coat to be a neutral tint or other shade, as building committee may suggest. All 
inside blinds to be shellaced and varnished. Prime all work in the fuel room. 

All glass throughout to be best quality, single-thick American glass, four 
lights to each window ; all to be thoroughly bedded and properly set in place, 
and left whole and sound on the completion of the entire work. 

Lath and Plastering. — The school room, wardrobes and entrance hall are to 
have two coats of plastering, the first coat to be of brown mortar, and the second 
coat of plaster of Paris and white sand. The hard finish all put on true and even. 
The fuel room will have one heavy coat of brown mortar. 

Blackboards. — The plastering to form the blackboard in school room is made 
bv mixing sufl^icient lamp-black in the last coat, to make a dark or blue black 
color. This must be put on perfectly true and even, and must be satisfactory to 
the school board or building committee ; and then the surface covered with a 
sufficient number of coats of black, green or gray liquid slating to make a solid 
layer. 

Heating and Ventilation. — The contractors for this entire work should care 
fully study the mode of heating and ventilation of this building, as shown in the 



136 A. H. Andrews d; Co., Chicago. 



plans and as heretofore described. Particular attention must be paid bj them in 
making the floors and walls tight, and excluding from the room all external air 
from these sources. 

Bin of Material. — ii|^ cords of rubble-stone. i,goo brick. 26 barrels of 
lime, 3 bushels to a barrel. 16 yards of sand. 13 bushels of plastering hair. 
3,500 feet of lath, i lo-inch wall thimble and cap. 267 feet, 2 pieces, 8 by 10 inches, 
20 feet, for girders. 1,582 feet, 68 pieces, 2 by 10 inches, 14 feet, for joists. 140 
feet, 7 pieces, 2 by 10 inches, 12 feet, for joists. 572 feet, 22 pieces, 2 by 6 inches, 
20 feet, for ceiling joists. 84 feet, 7 pieces, 2 by 6 inches, 12 feet, for ceiling joists. 
480 feet, 60 pieces, l by 6 inches, 16 feet, for ties and braces and for ceiling joists 
and rafters. 96 feet 4 pieces, 2 by 8 inches, 18 feet, for wall-plates. 117 feet, 4 
pieces, 2 by 8 inches, 22 feet, for hip-rafters. 1,387 feet, 130 pieces, 2 by 4 inches, 
16 feet, for outside studding. 480 feet, 60 pieces, 2 by 4 inches, 12 feet, for parti- 
tion studding, etc. 896 feet, 56 pieces, 2 by 6 inches, 16 feet, for rafters. 90 feet, 
2 by 3-inch strips for bridging. 5,000 feet surfaced common boards for floor lining, 
roof, and sheathing. 2,300 feet, first clear siding. 1,300 feet, second clear 4-inch 
jointed flooring. 800 feet, first clear 3-inch matched and beaded wainscoting. 
200 feet, I by 2-inch furring for ceiling. 278 pounds of building paper. 13,000 
shingles, best quality, sawed. 1^600 feet, second clear i-inch dressed boards for 
cornice, frames, etc. 300 feet; second clear 2-inch plank for window-sills, butt- 
ress, etc. 900 feet, first and second clear i^-inch plank for door -jambs, casings, 
water table, etc. 2oolineal feet, 5-inch crown-molding. 186 lineal feet, 3-inch 
bed-molding. 186 lineal feet, 2 J^ -inch foot-molding. 40 lineal feet, 3-inch astra- 
gal molding for blackboard. 18 feet, hardwood thresholds, ^ by 5 inches. 2 
front doors, 2 feet 6 inches by S feet, i3^ inches thick, 6 panels. 6 inside doors, 2 
feet 10 inches by 8 feet. i3^ inches thick, 4 panels. 11 pairs of sash, 28 by 40-inch 
glass, 2 lights. I transom sash, 2 by 5 feet outside. 10 pairs of inside blinds. 
144 feet, 14-inch tin gutter. 50 feet, tin deck. 80 pieces, tin flashing. 6, 12 by 
18-inch japanned registers. 44, 2-inch axle pulleys, with screws. 440 pounds of 
sash weights. 11 sash locks. 250 feet of sash cord, 40 pairs, 2 by 2^4^ inches, 
iron blind butts, with screws. 40 pairs, 1 1^^ by 2^ inches, iron blind flaps, with 
screws. 20 tucker bronze shutter bars. 20 tucker bronze blind knobs. 50 clothes 
hooks. 3 pairs, 5,^ by 5 14 inches, japanned loose pin butts. 6 pairs, 5 by 5 
inches, japanned loose pin butts, i brass-faced Yale lock with steel keys. 6 
brass-faced mortise-locks, i pair, iron-iaced )^-inch flush bolts, i keg, three- 
penny lath nails, i keg, four-penny shingle nails. 2 kegs, ten-penny common 
nails. I keg, twenty-penny common nails, i keg, ten-penny ccising nails. 



The second design presents the smallest one-room school-house here given. 
If the outside should be finished plain, with only common clapboards, the esti- 
mated cost of erecting the house $750. The panel-work also, in the external 
walls, can be made in wood or brick, according to preference of the school dis- 
trict. It is believed that it will usually be omitted. 

The arrangements on the inside have been selected with the view of provid- 
ing as much floor space as possible, and still preserving the entries, which are also 
used as wardrobes, one for each sex. The common box stove or the school room 
heater can be located in the recess between the entries, and not discommode the 
school in its movements about the room. The recess has seats the children can 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



137 



occupy cold mornings. The teacher's platform is set in the rear end, as preferred 
by some teachers, and to give sufficient blackboard at that end. 

As before observed, the chimney should never be built behind the teacher, 
and the stove-pipe run from the front end of the room, over the pupils' heads, 
into it. If preferred, it can be erected on the opposite side of the house from the 
position it now occupies, and near the other entry door. As already stated, its 
smoke-flue should have its transverse area of 10 by 12 inches ; and its ventilating 
flue, at least 12 by 12 inches. This direction is imperative, if even tolerable ven- 
tilation with a stove is secured. The chimney should be carried, as in the per- 
spective, as high at least as the ridge of the roof, so that the wind will not cause 
in it a downward draught at any time. 




PERSPECTIVE VIEW. 



Directly under the stove must be placed a large-sized common floor register, 
opening into a tight cold-air chamber, 3 by 3 feet in size. The outside orifice of 
this chamber can be constructed in the front wall between the steps. This should 
be the case, if the house is situated so as to face the west ; but if any other direc- 
tion, this orifice should be made in the western or northern wall, whether on the 
other end or either side of the house, and the fresh air conducted through a 
wooden duct under the floor joists to the chamber beneath the stove. 



138 



A. H. Andrews tO Co., Chicago. 



The room is designed for thirty pupils, seated at double desks. The floor 
area of the room, not including the recess for the stove, is 503 square feet and 
furnishes 16.7 such feet for each of the pupils. As the room is 12 feet high, it 
contains, outside the recess, 200.8 cubic feet of air for each pupil. The width of 
the entries is 5 feet, and the length of the longest side is 7)^ feet. 



22'0' 




DESIGN 2 FLOOR PLAN. 



SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF THE BUILDING— PREPARED BY 

B. S. HOXIE. 

Foundation Walls and Piers— Excavate a trench 3 feet deep under the outside 
wall, and pits for the chimney and the three piers sustaining the floor. The wall 



Catalogue of School Furniture. 139 

must be 5 feet high, measuring from the bottom of trench to the top of wall ; 
and in width, not less than iS inches at bottom and 12 inches at top. Must belaid 
up in good lime mortar, and show 2 feet in height above line of grading around 
building. It must be coursed with quarry stone, with raised joints of mortar. 

Build a chimney of two flues, as shown on perspective and floor plan ; the 
top above the roof to be of hard brick ; all joints to be well filled with mortar, and 
plastered smooth inside. Build three piers, 18 by 18 inches, under the center sill, 
and piers under corners of platforms to outside doors. 

Chimney must be, as shown on plan, with ventilating shaft, 12 by 12 inches in 
the clear, and smoke-flue, 10 by 12 inches, and plastered on inside ; and a diamond 
face register, with no fans or rolling slats, placed on a level with the floor. 

Sills and Joists. — Three sills run lengthwise the building, and there are two 
cross-sills, to be 6 by 8 inches, of sound timber. ' The joists, 2 by 8 inches, are set 
12 inches to centers. Frame into the side sills the cross-sills, and spike or other- 
wise fasten the joists at the ends to prevent the building tVt.m spreading. The 
joists are to rest on top of center sill and spiked together. 

Studditig. — Studs are to be 2 by 4-inch stufl", 12 feet lorg, framed into sills, 
and to be doubled at corners and all doors and window openings. Set them 12 
inches to centers behind the blackboard. 

Plates. — Plates are to be of two thicknesses, well ipiked to studding, and 
lapped so as to secure the greatest strength. 

Uffer Joists and Rafters. — Upper joists must be one continuous length, 2 by 
6 inches, set 16 inches to centers, resting on the plates and spiked thereto. 

The rafters are to be 2 by 4 inches, and of suitable length to give the required 
pitch to roof, as shown in perspective, well spiked to plates and joists, and set 16 
inches to centers. 

Joists and rafters to be trussed together with x by 6-inch stuft", one piece 
nailed to peak of rafters and to center of joists, with intersecting pieces on each 
side nailed at right angles with the centers of the rafters, to prevent the roof and 
joists from sagging. All joists, studding, and rafters to be placed 16 incMes from 
centers, except behind the blackboard. 

Outside Sheeting and Weather Boards. — The building must be sheeted on out- 
side of studding with good sound lumber, well nailed with ten-penny nails, and 
covered with tarred paper or building boards, well lapped, e:<.tending under corner 
boards and window frames. Siding must be best quality or pine, lapped not less 
than one inch and well nailed with eight-penny nails. li* it is desired to have the 
building show panel work as designed in the perspective, it may be done with 2 
by 4-inch stuiF, planed and rabbeted on upper edge or -^fell flashed with tin, to 
keep out moisture from the sheeting. All outside casings and corner boards must 
be free from sap-wood or shakes. 

Roof and Cornice. — The roof must have a projection of 20 inches at least, 
with suitable moldings and drapery boards for cornice, using narrow wainscoting, 
beaded, or flooring with center bead, to fonn the plancier of cornice. Roof- 
boards must be laid with tight joints, and covered -with best quality of pine or 
cedar shingles, laid not more than five inches to the weather. Finish the ridge 
with a neat ridge-board, well nailed on the shingles. 



140 A. H. Andreivs <& Co., Chicugo. 



Floor. — Floor must be of two thicknesses, dressed lumber. The lining may 
be of common 6-inch seasoned boards, dressed and laid down before plastering. 
The floor must be of good second clear 6-inch flooring, jointed, and well nailed 
with ten-penny casing nails, breaking joints with the lining, and laid down after 
the room is plastered and wainscoted. And all inside finish must be put up after 
the plastering is well dried. 

Plastering, — Plastering must reach down to the floor, to be what is known as 
two-coat work and hard-finish, except blackboard, which must have three coats 
and hard-finish, with a large percentage of plaster of Paris in each coat, and 
covered with patent slating rubbed down and coated until it presents a smooth 
surface. The hard finish should be dry before the liquid slating is put on. 

Windows. — Windows must be hung and balanced with weights and best 
Silver-lake sash cords with suitable fastenings, Payson's tucker bronze sash lock 
and sash lifts. Size of glass, of four lights, 14 by 32-inches, best quality Ameri- 
can sheet. 

Wainscoiing. — All rooms must be wainscoted with first clear narrow matched 
stuff", beaded, placed vertically, and finished with suitable cap and cove molding. 
Cap of wainscoting under blackboard to form crayon troughs. The wainscoting 
in the clothes room to be six feet high. 

Teacher'' s Platform. — This platform to be, as shown on floor plan, 4^ by 8 
feet in size, and 6 inches high. Corner cupboards made as on plan. 

Blackboard. — This should fill all the space at the end of the room between the 
cupboards, and the base placed two feet and six inches from the floor, and the top 
seven and a half feet from the same. 

Steps. — These must be made, as shown on floor plan and perspective, of sound 
2-inch plank, dressed, and with easy steps. The posts and railings must be made 
of second clear lumber, dressed. Set japanned foot scrapers one to each lower 

step. 

Bell Torver. — Bell tower must be constructed as shown in perspective, and 
deck covered with tin and flashed around posts to prevent any leakage in roof, 
and covered outside with cut shingles. 

Entries. — The entries must be provided with suitable shelves for dinner pails 
and school house wardrobe-hooks, according to the number of pupils. Each en- 
try must be provided with a suitable bench or broad low shelf for wash basin and 
water pail. 

Doors. — Outside doors are to be of four or six panels, 1^ inches in thickness, 
hung with three pairs of loose pin butts, and provided with heavy japanned 
handles, and dead locks to be 3 by 7 inches, with frames for transom lights, as 
shown in perspective. Inside doors to be 2 feet 10 inches by 6 feet 10 inches, and 
1 3^ inches thick, hung with three pairs of butts, each with handles same as out- 
side doors. 

Painting. — The exterior of the building must be painted with two coats of 
paint, equal to the best white lead and oil, of such color as the district board may 
direct. Inside painting m.ust be of two good coats, and grained light oak, with 
good coat of varnish. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise, 



141 



Finish. — All inside finish must be plain 4;^-inch casings, with O. G. molding 
on face edge, with square-edge head-piece, 5 inches wide, and at least y^ inch 
thicker than the face casings. All material used must be of best quality desig- 
nated in bill of lumber, and all work done in the most substantial and workman- 
like manner, and to the acceptance of the building committee. 










■■i^-^^'^^s 



Bill of Materials. — 3 sills, 6 by 8 inches, 31 feet long. 2 sills, 6 by 8 inches, 
22 feet long. 56 pieces, 2 by S inches, 11 feet long. 25 pieces, 2 by 6 inches, 22 
feet long. 70 pieces, 2 by 4 inches, 16 feet long. 70 pieces, 2 by 4 inches, 12 feet 



14- 



A. H. Andreivs & Co., Chicago, 



long. iS pieces, 2 by 4 inches, iS feet long. 12 pieces, 2 bj4 inches, 14 feet long. 
25 pieces, 1 by 6 inches, 8 feet long, 50 pieces, i b j 6 inches, 6 feet long. 2,400 
feet coinmon boards, dressed. 1,200 feet, common roof-boards. 6S5 feet, floor 
lining, dressed. S50 feet, flooring, dresc-ed and jointed. 1,800 feet, clear siding. 
650 feet, wainscoting and cornice. 800 feet, second clear i-inch finishing lumber. 
150 feet, second clear plank for door-jambs, etc. 200 feet, lumber tor bell tower, 
assorted. 75 feet, 2-inch plank for outside platform. 2,400 feet of lath. 9,000 
shingles for roof and bell tower. 2 outside doors, i3^ inches thick, 3 by 7 feet, 6 
panels, 2 inside doors, i|/^-inches thick, 2 feet 10 inches by 6 feet 10 inches, 6 pan- 
els. 2 transom windows, 2 by 3 feet, i|/^ inches thick. 6 windows, 4 lights each, 
glass, 14 by 32 inches. 4 store-door handles, heavy japanned. 2 two tumbler 




Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



143 



dead-locks. 2 foot-scrapers, i gross No. lo^-inch screws. 6 pairs, 3^ by 3^- 
inch loose pin butts. 4 dozen of wardrobe hooks. 6 sash lifts. 6 meeting rail 
locks. 200 pounds, eight-penny nails. 50 pounds, twenty -penny nails. 50 pounds, 
ten-penny nails. 60 pounds, three-penny nails. 50 pounds, ten-penny casing 
nails. 20 pounds, eight-penny casing nails. 6 pounds, six -penny casing nails. 
5^ cords of stone. 1,350 brick. 40 bushels of lime. 200 pounds of white lead. 
10 gallons of linseed-oil. 1% gallons of varnish. 

2. Ttvo-room School-houses. — These are designed principally for the larger 
villages and for wards in the smaller cities, in which about 150 children attend the 
school, usually in the primary and intermediate departments. 

The third design was prepared by H. C. Koch & Co., architects, of Milwau- 
kee. It is for a brick building, with frame gables to imitate timber work, having 
panels finished with shingles or common siding. Its entire length is 82 feet. It 
has only one story, and provides for the girls and boys separate wardrobes, each 
five feet in width. It has also a teacher's room, 12 by 16 feet in size, which can 
also be used for the recitation of classes when desired. The larger school room 
is 25 by 43 feet at the floor, and accommodates 84 pupils ; and the smaller one, 25 
by 34 feet, and accommodates 60 pupils. The height of these rooms 
should be 14 feet, to increase somewhat the air space, which with the floor sur- 
face, in this design as well as in the previous one, is not quite sufficient, even if 
only small children should occupy the seats furnished. 

For the construction of the foundation and the cellar, and for inside finish 
throughout, see description under fourth design. 

The Fourth Design is for a one-story, elegant school building, containing three 
school rooms and a teacher's room, which are connected together by a long cor- 
ridor in front. Separate wardrobes for girls and boys lead from this corridor into 
the school rooms, and are used for the entrance and exit of the pupils. The 
school rooms are indicated by the rows of desks on the plan. The room shown 
without desks is for the principal of the school, and can be used for the recitation 
of classes when necessary. 

The central part of the building is 140 by 46 feet, and will accommodate 228 
pupils in the three rooms. This design requires that the building be of brick, 
with a stone basement up to the line of the top of the water-table. The belts and 
pilasters are of brick ; and the copings on gables, of stone or terra cotta. This 
roof may be slated or shingled. 

The site for the building and the ground immediately surrounding it should 
be well drained, and drain-tile should be laid outside the footing stone on all sides 
of the building, with a slight inclination to the point of the outlet. The founda- 
tion walls should be laid with cement mortar up to the line of water-table. 

The bottom of the cellar should be covered with small stone-spalls or clean 
coarse gravel, to a depth of at least 4 inches, and then grouted with liquid cement. 
When the grouting is set, the floor should be finished with a coat of Portland 
cement, at least one inch thick. 

The plastering on the walls should be sand-finish, floated off straight and 
true, and rounded into the frames on the jambs of the windows. No wood cas- 
ings are used. The plastering should be continued down to the floor, full to the 
face of the grounds for wainscoting. The ceilings should be finished white, with 
the usual hard coat. 



144 



A. H. Andrews <€• Co., Chicago. 



The floors should be of maple or other hard wood, dressed or matched, not 
over 2% inches wide on the face ; and smoothed off after being laid. 




All the corridor and school rooms should be wainscoted from the floor to the 
height of the window-stools. The wardrobes should be wainscoted 6 feet high 
from the floor, and all finished with a neat capping. Back of each teacher's plat- 
form is the blackboard, and the top of the wainscoting below the blackboard is 
finished with a shelf for chalk. 



Catalogue of School Furniture. 



H5 




■BIHIIllllllllllllllllllll 



'^^^ 4 'IF* 



The teacher's platform should be located as on the plan, so that the rays of 
light will be over the left shoulders of the pupils as they face the teacher. 

The building can be heated by means of two furnaces, using the center flue 
in each stack for the smoke-flue. The stacks are shown on plan, located between 
the wardrobes at each end of the building. The two remaining flues in each 
stack are for ventilation. The warm air flues are carried up in the walls between 
the rooms, which they may enter through registers above, at, or near the floor. 
A sufficient number of registers will be inserted in the floor, equally distributed, 
in each room, and a foul air duct connected with each of these and the main foul- 
air duct. This last duct is connected with one 
of the vent-flues in the stack, and extends 
along the ceiling of the basement to a point 
necessary to receive all the branch ducts from 
the registers in the floors. 

The capacity of the main duct should be 
fully equal to the combined capacity of all 
the branch ducts, which it receives. All the 
foul air ducts should be made as nearly air- 
tight as possible. 

The important consideration in this branch 
of the work is to provide inlets for fresh air 
and outlets for foiil air, both of sufficient ca- 
pacity to insure a complete change of the air 
in the room in the shortest time possible, with- 
out producing a perceptible draught. The ca- 
pacity of the foul air ducts should always ex- 
ceed that of the fresh-air ducts. 

The Fifth Design is for a four room building. 
It presents the appearance of a solid, endur- 
ing, symmetrical and imposing structure. Its 
external embellishm-^nts are few and simple, 
and therefore adapted to its general style. It 
would be an ornament to any village or city. 

The outside walls of the basement are built 
of stone, 18 inches in thickness ; and its par- 
tition walls, of brick, 8 inches in thickness. 
The exterior walls of the first and second sto- 
ries are brick, 12 inches in thickness ; and the 
partition walls are wood, with studding vary- 
ing in size for the places it occupies. The 
height of the basement in the clear between 
joists is 7 feet 8 inches ; of the first story, 13 
The sectional area of 




DESIGN 4 FLOOR PLAN. 

feet 3 inches ; and of the second story, 14 feet 3 inches. 

the house, measured at the base of the first story, is 49 feet 6 inches by 52 feet. 

The building furnishes the usual conveniences for corridors, pupils' wardrobes, 
teachers' or recitation rooms, and apartments for study. Two quite spacious 
rooms are set apart in the basement as play rooms for girls and boys. These can 
be used in the wet or stormy weather, or in places where no sufficient play- 
grounds can be provided in the school yard. Each school room will accommo- 



146 



A. H. Andrews S Co., Chicago. 



date thirty-five pupils at single desks ; or very comfortably forty-two pupils at 
double desks. Each of the former number -would have 19.7 square feet of floor 
surface ; and of the latter, almost 16.5 square feet. If small children should 
occupy the rooms on the first floor, one row of 7 single desks could be added to 
each room with the double desks, and in it forty-nine pupils would then be fur- 
nished with seating, and each have slightly over fourteen square feet of floor 
space. 

The crowning feature of this school house consists in the arrangements for 
the ventilation of all its parts. A more complete and perfect application ot the 
Ruttan system to a school building has never before been devised. The accom- 
panying plans and sections exhibit the details of the arrangements for the heating 
and ventilation of the building. 

Immediately underneath the platform of the front steps, as seen on the longi- 
tudinal section, is the fresh-air chamber communicating with the outdoors 




DESIGN 5^ — FRONT ELEVATION. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



H7 



through windows covered with heavy wire-screens. From this chamber a fresh- 
air duct leads under the large-sized furnace, as shown in the basement of the 
longitudinal section which is made on the line A B. The heated air enters 
through short flues into the corridor and directors' or recitation room on the first 
floor, and warms also the stairway and the corridor on the second floor. The 
wardrobes on both floors could be partially warmed by opening the doors from 
the corridors. The recitation room on the second floor is supplied with air from 
the furnace through a smr,ll flue in the partition below, which is built of brick. 
The four school rooms receive this air through a central flue, in which a damper 
regulates the supply for the first floor. 




DESIGN 5 — LEFT SIDE ELEVATION. 



The foul air is exhausted from the recitation and school rooms through the 
perforated iron bases under the windows ; passes under the floors between the 
joists ; descends through the partitions between the studding, as indicated in both 
the longitudinal section and the transverse one for the foul-air gathering room and 



A. H. Andreivs cC* Co., Chicago. 



is drawn through the privy vaults into the ventilating shaft, which is 3^ by 4 feet 

on the inside. Here a powerful draught is produced from the air forced into it by 

the action of the furnace, and by the heat supplied the upinght smoke-pipe in 

the shaft. 

The construction of the separate privies for girls and boys is shown in the 

basement plan and in the smaller transverse section. The excrementitious dis- 
charges fall from the seats into the vaults beneath, which are each 4^ feet deep 
and 17 inches wide. The contents from the urinals in the boys'privy are emptied 
through a pipe at the foot of the ventilating shaft. The exhausted air, as it passes 




DESIGN 5 — LONGITUDINAL SECTION. 



over these discharges into this shaft, rapidly carries away the watery vapor and 
the gases produced by their decomposition, and thoroughly dries them. Only 
about one-sixth of these fseces by weight remains in the vaults after being sub- 
jected to this process ; and this residuum is, easily and with no offensive odor, 
shoveled occasionally into baskets and carried out of the building. The practica- 
bility of this arrangement cannot be questioned. It has been tested with com- 
plete success in private houses and institutions of learning ; and the testimony 
is that no impure air, even in the summer season, rises from the vaults and pene- 
trates the apartments of the houses. It is at that time also withdrawn through 
the ventilating shafts. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 



149 



SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF THE BUILDING. 

Excavating — The contractor for this work will perform it as required by the 
plans, elevations, and sections ; use the earth so excavated in filling and grading 
around the building and premises, as required ; and have the balance, if any, 
hauled away from the premises. 

Mason Work. — The mason contractor must execute all work in the most thor- 
ough and workman-like manner, with strict adherence to the drawings in every 
particular ; and under the directions of the superintendent, he will build all walls 
and foundations that may be required by plans, starting always from a good and 
solid footing ; and the proper depth in all cases to be below and out of the reach 
of frost, whether the plans so indicate or not. 

DESIGN 5 — TRANSVERSE SECTIONS, PRIVY VAULTS AND FOUL- AIR ROOM. 




Rubble-stone Work. — All foundations for all walls, piers, areas, etc., to be built 
of the best large-sized rubble-stone, flat-bedded, and laid in best cement mortar, 
— the stone to be laid close and the joists well filled with mortar and pointed. All 
of the outside main walls, and all areas, foundations for steps, etc., as shown, to 
be built of the best rubble-stone to the line of filling at building, and of the size, 
thickness, etc., as shown by the plans and sectional drawings. The same to be 
laid up in best cement mortar, closely laid and the joints well filled and neatly 
pointed. Build all ventilation and other flues as required, or any other work 
shown by the plans. Put in the foundations for ventilation shaft, warm-air flues, 
etc., with care and of the proper dimensions required. Build cold-air duct from 



ISO 



-4. Jf, Andrews & Co., Chicago, 



outside of building to furnace, build foul-air chamber, foundation to furnace, etc. ; 
and complete all of this work in the best and most thorough manner. 

Brtck-ivork. — Furnish and lay in the best manner all brick as required hy the 
plans for all work connected with the building. All brick used to be the best 
hard-burnt merchantable brick. Select the best for the facing of all outside walls, 
lay them close, and fill the joints well with mortar, and strike all joints on the 




DESIGN 5 BASEMENT PLAN. 

outside exposed to view. Build the smoke and ventilator stack and all warm-air 
flues, etc., and plaster all of these well on the inside. Finish the ventilator top, 
as shown ; build in all hot-air registers, ventilators, and any and all other iron, 
wood, or other work connected with the mason work. Turn all arches as re- 
quired, furnish and fix to place all iron anchors in the floor, ceiling, and roof joist, 
all girders, and other timbers. Lav lath in all walls that are to be furred in the 



Catalogue of School Mei^chandise. 



151 



usual way. Build 8-inch brick-work around the furnace, as shown ; and complete 
all other work in a thorough manner. Lay all brick-work in best common lime 
mortar. Build all walls, and other work plumb, straight, and true, and thoroughly 
bond the same at every fifth course with a heading course. Finish and complete 
all work, as shown by the plans, in the most thorough and workman-like man- 
ner. The top and bottom course of brick in ornamental bands to be black brick. 
These are to be the same brick as used for facing of walls. These brick to be 




DESIGN 5 — FIRST FLOOR PLAN. 

soaked in hot asphaltum, and laid away to dry before being used. The orna- 
mental bands to be saw-tooth, 8>^ inches high, all as shown by the elevations. 
The mason contractor will set all cut stone and anchor the same properly to 
place, clean the same down, and leave it all in perfect order. 

Cut Stone-ivorh. — Furnish all the cut stone-work required by the plans and 
drawings. Prepare the same in the most thorough workman-like manner, and 
in accordance with the detailed drawings, elevations, plans, etc. All door-sills, 



15^ 



A. H. Andretvs tS; Co., Chicago. 



area steps, area coping, and flagging, all -vvindow-sills, keys, springer blocks and 
bands, and the water-table to be of the best limestone, or other stone found in the 
vicinity, properly worked. The tops of all steps, door-sills, flagging, and coping 
will be finely bush-hammered, with margin draft. All other work to be smoothly 
rubbed, or finely bush-hammered and margined. All window-keys and springer 
blocks to be 4 inches thick, with the proper length and height for their places. All 
window-sills to be 5 by 8 inches, and the proper length. The main water-table to 




DESIGN 5 SECOND FLOOR PLAN. 

be 6 by 10 inches, and the band on tower to be 4 by 6 inches. An Qoor sills to be 
7 inches thick, with the proper length and width for their places. All flagging to 
be 4 inches thick, and all coping to be 4 inches thick and 10 inches wide. Area 
steps to be 8 by 10 inches, with the proper length. 

Latk and Plasieriiig. — All walls that are furred, all wood partitions, and all 
ceilings in the entire first and second stories will be lathed with a good quality of 
partially seasoned pine lath, the joints well spread, and nailed with the heaviest 



Catalogue of School Furniture. 153 



quality of lath nails ; the joints broken every fifth lath on walls, and every lath 
on ceiling. 

All vsralls and ceilings throughout these stories will be plastered with two 
good heavy coats of plastering, as follows, viz : the first coat to be of brown 
mortar, put on and finished to ^-inch grounds, and floated down straight, true, 
and even ; and the same to be of best fresh burnt quicklime, and clean coarse 
shai-p sand, and a sufficient quantity of good sound and long plastering hair, well 
mixed through the mortar. The finishing coat to be plaster of Paris and white 
sand, hard-finish, put on sufficiently heavy to cover thoroughly the brown mor- 
tar, and troweled down to a hard, smooth, and true surface, and finished in best 
manner. The hard finish must not be put on until the brown mortar is thor- 
oughly dry. The plasterer will protect all his work against frost and otherwise ; 
and be responsible for the same, until accepted by the building committee ; and 
he will do all mending and patching after the carpenter and other artisans, and 
deliver the same up in good condition when finished. 

The entire basement ceiling will be lathed and plastered with one good heavy 
coat of brown mortar, floated down smoothly, and finished closely against the 
walls around. 

Carpenter and yoiner Work. — The carpenter contractor will furnish all lum- 
ber and materials of every kind required for the proper completion of his branch 
of the work. He will properly work and fix the same to place in and about the 
building, in the most thorough and workman-like manner. 

Size of Joists and Timbers. — The first and second floor joists to be 2 by 1 3 
inches and set 12 inches to centers. The ceiling joists to be as follows, viz. : over 
school rooms, 2 by 10 inches, set 16 inches to centers ; and over the corridors and 
recitation rooms, 2 by 8 inches, set 16 inches to centers. The deck joists to be 2 
by 10 inches, set 20 inches to centers, well spiked down to the deck frame ; the 
rafters for this roof to be 2 by 8 inches, set 20 inches to centers, well spiked to 
deck frame, purlins, and wall-plates. The last plates all around the roofs to be 
one thickness of plank, and one thickness of an inch board, joists well capped, and 
well nailed together ; all well secured to the walls with ^-inch bolts run through 
2 by 8- inch plank built in walls at lower part of cornice. All gable-rafters to be 
of 2 by 6 inches, set 20 inches to centers. Hip and valley-rafters to be of two 
thicknesses, of 2 by 12 inches, full length in one piece. Sheath all roofs with i 
by 6-inch dressed and matched fencing flooring, as nearly seasoned as can be pro- 
cured. All closely jointed and well nailed. 

Shifigles — The steep part of the roof and the tower roof to be of best quality 
of sawed pine shingles, laid 4 inches to the weather, and thoroughly nailed. 

Tin-tvork. — Cover all deck roofs with the best I. C. roofing tin ; lock and 
solder the joints in the best manner ; line all valleys and gutters with this tin, 14 
inches wide and over, where required. Flash and cover all hips, flash around all 
chimneys, cover the top of all returns in cornices, flash around all decks, cover 
the caps of the main entrance, and do any and all other flashing or tin-work re- 
quired ; all with this tin, put on in best manner, finished complete and secure 
against leakage. 

Galvanized Iron-work. — Furnish and fix to place No. 26 galvanized iron finials, 
gable on side, and securely fix the same to place ; furnish and fix to place properly 
four 4-inch No. 26 galvanized iron conductor pipes from cornices to ground ; fur- 



154 ^' H' -Andrews <£■ Co., Chicago. 



nish and fix to place, with strong and proper iron stays and on the main roof, cast- 
iron crestings and finials, as shown, and as selected by the building committee. 

Sticddi7tg, Furring, Etc. — All studding to be the size required on the plans, 
in one length, of the height of the stories, and placed 12 inches from centers. 
Plumb straight and true, doubled over all openings and at the angles and corners 
of the rooms, and doubled and trebled on the sides of all openings, to be trussed, 
braced, and bridged ; and all sized to equal widths, and made straight and true. 

Cross-fur on top of all floor joists in all school, directors', and recitation 
rooms, with 2 by 2-inch strips, placed 16 inches from centers and well spiked 
down, leaving space for a free circulation of air under the floors to the ventilating 
flue. Raise the floor joists in the corridors on a level with the top of this cross- 
furring. Fur all brick walls, on all stories, with 1 by 2^-inch strips, firmly nailed 
to the strips in walls, 16 inches to centers, to straighten and make a level wall on 
the inside where there are breaks in brick-work on the outside. Use 2 by 4-inch 
for furring, 16 inches to centers, properly secui-ed to place. Cut in strips of 1 by 
2-inch stuff between all furring strips on all walls in both stories, on outside walls 
as follows, viz.: to be one strip 10 inches above top of the floor, and another strip 
close under each tier of the floor joistsand the ceiling joists, to prevent a circu- 
lation of the cold air back of the plastering, and also to prevent this cold air from 
mingling with the air exhausted from tlie rooms ; this to be done by special di- 
rections from the building committe or the party supplying the furnace. All 
other work to be connected with the ventilation also so referred. Do any and all 
other furring as required for the proper execution of the various branches of 
work. 

Grounds. — Put up grounds of J^ by 2 inch pine strips for all finish, bases, 
wainscoting, etc. Allow no casings, bases, wainscoting, or other finish to go on 
until all plastering is finished and dry. 

Sizes Joists and Bridging . — Size all floor and ceiling joists to uniform widths, 
and camber them ^-inch in 20 feet, and double them around all stair openings, 
chimneys, under partitions, etc. Do all framing for the stairway, hot-air and 
ventilating flues ; and hang such headers in iron stirrups as may be required. 
All floor, ceiling, deck, and platform joists to be bridged with 2 by 3-inch cross- 
bridging, well nailed with two ten-penny nails in each end of each piece ; 12 feet 
spans and under to have one row ; from 12 to 16 spans, 2 rows ; from 16 to 22 
feet, 3 rows ; and from 22 feet spans and over, 4 rows. 

Floors. — The first and second floors throughout will be double thick. The 
first thickness laid down to be i by 6-inch dressed and matched fencing flooring^ 
seasoned and well fitted, and nailed to place and to be laid as the joists are laid. 
The top thickness in all corridors, wardrobes, and the stair landing, will be i by 
2}^ -inch hard pine, with square edges, and nailed through the face with eight- 
penny fininshing nails, set in ^-inch, and all dressed oft' smooth and even on top. 
The top or last thickness of all other floors throughout the two stories to be 1 by 
4-inch square-edged B. flooring, nailed and and smoothed oft' the same as the 
above ; and none of this top floor to be laid until the plastering is finished. 

Wainscoting. — Wainscot all school, directors', and recitation rooms the height 
of stool cap of windows ; all wardrobes, 7 feet high ; all corridors and stairway, 
4 feet high, with i by 3-inch dressed matched and beaded pine ceiling, of a good 
quality, well seasoned and hand smoothed ; all with ^ round next to the floor, 
and neatly capped, molded for crayon shelf on top of the cap. 



Catalogue of School MerchaiuUse. 155 



Finish. — All doors and windows in the first and second stories will have a 
two-member finish, formed of ^ by 5 |4^-inch O. G. casing and 3 >^-inch band 
mold, of a good quality of seasoned pine stuff. These will be an astragal mold 
extending on all sides of the school and recitation rooms, 5 feet above cap of 
wainscoting, forming space for blackboards on walls not containing windows. 

Platforms. — Build teachers' platforms in all rooms as shown, all to be port- 
able, and floored with 1 by 3-inch matched and dressed flooring on good strong 
frame-work. 

Doors. — Make all doors of the form, style, and dimensions as marked on the 
plans, of the best white pine, thoroughly kiln-dried. All to be O. G., excepting 
the outside and vestibule doors, which will have raised moldings and made of two 
thicknesses of i^-inch stuff. 

Windows. — All window frames to be of size as shown by plans and elevations. 
All to be made boxed for weights, with %-inch pine pulley stiles, and parting 
beads. Sash i ^-inches thick, with i^-inch meeting rails. All windows above 
the basement will have inside blinds in four folds, with slats and no panels. The 
blinds are not boxed. All made of thoroughly seasoned and clear white pine, 
and properly fitted and hung to place. 

Stairs. — Build the main stairs as per design, with ij^3-inch ash treads, ^-inch 
ash risers, strong timber supports and carriages, 8-inch solid turned black walnut 
newel, 4^-inch walnut rails, and aj^^-inch turned balusters of black walnut. The 
landing floored the same as the corridors. Basement stairs to be ceiled, upon 
sides in basement, as shown. All to be finished in a perfect and complete man- 
ner. Build step-ladder to roof as required, and build scuttle or scuttles where 
and as directed. 

Door-Frames. — Build all door-frames as per plans, with heavy raised moldings 
to correspond with doors. These doors to swing outwards. All inside door- 
jambs to be I ^-inches thick, with transoms as shown. « 

Privies. — Build privies in basement, where shown. The partitions to be 
doubled dressed and beaded stuff" and extend to ceiling. Construct the seats with 
a lid, the lid to have galvanized iron hinges, and place a board across the top of 
each seat in such a manner that lids of seats cannot remain in an upright position. 
The floor to be i by 6-inch C. flooring. 

Outside Steps. — Build outside steps, as shown, i^-inch ash or oak treads, ^ 
inch risers of the same material, with ash flooring on platforms, buttress rails, 
etc.; all as shown, with strong center aupports. All in a complete and finished 
manner. The rise to each step must not be over 7-inches, and the treads not less 
than 1 1 j^ -inches wide. 

Hard-ware Tritmnings. — Furnish all locks, butts, bolts, hinges, fastenings, 
trimmings, etc., of every kind and nature required for the proper completion of 
the entire building and works. All doors 7 feet and over in height will be hung 
with three good loose-joint and plain cast iron butts ; and all doors under 7 feet 
in height with two good loose-joint cast-iron butts. All outside doors will have 
heavy school house mortise-locks, suitable for outside doors, with brass works and 
brass fronts, three keys each, and real bronze knobs and trimmings. All inside 
doors will have a good quality of master-keyed locks, with brass works, brass 
fronts, and tucker bronze knobs and trimmings. All transoms will be hung at top 



156 A. H. Andrews S Co., Chicago. 



with two good 2)4 by 2^ -inch wrought iron butts, and secured with tucker bronze 
transom Utters ; Woilensak's patented. All sash above basement to be hung with 
best five-strand Turkey sash cord, and cast-iron weights ; and locked wilh heavy 
tucker bronze sash locks. All inside blinds to be hung with 2 by 2-inch wrought 
butts, 3 by 4 inch pairs to the window, and fastened together with wrought flaps 
proper size ; all with tucker bronze shutter bars, etc.- complete. 

All wardrobes must have two rows of strong black japanned school house 
wardrobe hooks, secured to place with proper size screws. Said hooks must not 
be more than 16 inches apart in each row. Teachers' clothes presses will also 
have wardrobe hooks of a lighter pattern, and about four in each press. Put 
tucker bronze sash lifts and eyes on all sash above basement. 

Cornice. — Build all main cornices on all sides of the building and tower, as 
per elevations and sections, with brackets, moldings, etc., as shown, of a good 
quality of seasoned pine lumber. The soffit will be of i by 3-inch beaded ceiling, 
and the frieze will be of wide stuff, so as to have no joints in sight. 

To-wer. — Build and construct the tower as shown. All lumber to be thor- 
oughly seasoned. Construct the bell deck and cover the same with best I. C 
roofing tin, and make same perfectly water-tight. Construct all panel-work, etc. 
in a first-class manner, and plow all joints. 

Furnace and Furnace Work. — The contractor for this work will furnish and 
fix to place, in working order, the furnace, together with all tools and implements 
thereto belonging. He will also furnish and fix to place the smoke-pipe from the 
furnace, and extend the same to and connect with the vertical smoke-pipe in the 
ventilating shaft. The horizontal smoke-pipe from the furnace to be 14 inches 
in diameter, of No. 16 black iron. All joints to be riveted and well hammered 
together. The pipe must be made in sections, from 8 to 12 feet in length, with 
close fitting joints ; and there must be two or three soot openings in the lower 
side of the pipe, so it can be cleaned at will, — these openings to be made with 
sliding covers. The contractor will also furnish and fix to place the vertical pipe 
in the ventilating stack. This pipe to be made of No. 12 black iron, put together 
in sections and thoroughly riveted. It will start from a point 4 ft. 6 inches above 
basernent floor, and must extend up one foot above the top of the brick work, and 
properly stayed to the center of the shaft with strong iron stays. These stays to 
be made so that the pipe could be removed with ease in future, if desired. At the 
lower end of this upright pipe, there must be a soot opening, so that it can be 
opened or closed at will. The contractor will also furnish and fix to place, as the 
niason work is being built, all of the valve registers in each and every room above 
the basement, and the open scroll fronts with pulleys, and chains for opening and 
closing these valves. The size of these valve registers to be as ordered by the 
building committee. He will also furnish the floor registers in recitation and 
directors' rooms, size about 10 by 14 inches, or as ordered. He will furnish and 
fix to place in each school room about 12 feet of cast-iron perforated ventilating 
base, and also in recitation and directors' rooms. He will also furnish one floor 
register with border in the first story hall over the furnace ; also a double galvan- 
ized iron register box, filled around with bricks and mortar, together with all col- 
lars, thimbles, etc., required in all parts of this work. Furnish the same in every 
particular as directed, and in the best manner. 



Catalogue of School Merchandise. 157 



Furnish wire-screens, of about ^-inch mesh and 3-32-inch wire, for windows, 
where cold air is taken into the furnace, and fasten the same outside of the sash. 

Painting and Glazing. — Paint all exterior wood and metal work that is usu- 
ally painted, with three good heavy coats of paint. Finish in stone-color all 
cornices, window-frames, front entrance, buttress of steps, conductor pipes, hips, 
gables, etc. Finish cresting and the outside of all sash in dark bronze green. 
The first coat on all metal work to be of metallic paint. All inside hard wood- 
work to be oiled with three heavy coats of raw linseed-oil. The out outside and 
vestibule doors and the frames to be grained in imitation of dark English oak, and 
neatly shaded and varnished with two coats of good varnish. 

Inside Work. — All inside blinds to be oiled with two good coats of raw lin- 
seed-oil and one coat of shellac. The stair rails, balusters, and newel to be oiled 
and filled in the usual way. All other inside work in the two stories to be grained 
in imitation of medium dark oak or two heavy coats of lead and oil paint, and 
neatly shaded and varnished with two good coats of varnish. All work to be 
well sand-papered and puttied on the priming, and all finished in the very bes* 
manner. All lead and oil used to be the best quality. All basement frames and 
doors, etc., and privies, to be painted two coats drab-colored paint. 

All glass throughout the entire building to be the best quality of single thick 
American glass. All set with care, properly sprigged and puttied, and left whole 
and sound on the completion of the entire works. 

Blackboards. — Furnish and form liquid slating blackboards, five feet high on 
the sides of the school and recitation rooms, not containing any windows. Put 
on the Andrew's liquid slating in three heavy coats of black or green ; and 
worked down to a true and perfect surface with emery paper after each of the first 
and second coats. 

Bill of Principal Materials. — 160 pieces, 2 by 12 inches, 24 feet long. 80 
pieces, 2 by 12, 22 feet long. 65 pieces, 2 by 10, 24 feet long. 35 pieces, 2 by 8, 
22 feet long. 25 pieces, 2 by 10, 20 feet long. 80 pieces, 2 by 8, 20 feet long. 10 
pieces, 2 by 12, 20 feet long. 85 pieces, 2 by 8, 14 feet long. 125 pieces, 2 by 4, 
14 feet long. 85 pieces, 2 by 6, 14 feet long. 6,500 feet, flooring for floors. 4,000 
feet, fencing flooring for roof. 1,400 feet, 2-inch furring for walls. 3,500 feet 
beaded ceiling for wainscoting. 25,000 shingles. 500 feet, ^ by 2 inch strips for 
grounds. 1,800 yards of plastering. 25 cords of rubble-stone. 180,000 brick. 



Office Desks, Bank Counters, &c. 

More than 100 Styles of Office Desks 




No. 43 Desk Closed. 



Are made by this Firm. 
Great care is used in the 
selection of tlie lumber, 
-which is always thorough- 
ly kiln-dried. This has 
given the House its well- 
earned reputation for the 
past twenty years in this 
department. 

Our Bank Counters 




No. 43 Desk Open. 




adopted in nearly all the leading Banks recently erected from which 
long list of Commendations which will be sent to parties interested. 
This Firm has recently furnished the 
County Court House, of Chicago, the 
Custom House, and many other Govern- 
ment buildings. 

Library and Household 
Fitting's 



No. 6i Open. 



are manufactured by this Firm, all of 
selected hardwoods and in special and un 
published designs by our own Artists and 
Architects. 




No. 6i Closed. 



The Andrews Parlor Folding" Beds, (Burr Patent.) 

These remarkable beds are a great suc- 
cess, saving Room and Rents, especially 
in cities. They assume the form of Sec- 
retaries, Bureaus, Bookcases, etc. Are 
made up as shown in cut, and then in- 
stantly closed. When unfolded at night 
they are all ready for use. Being on 
casters they can be rolled from one room 
to another. They are elegant for the back 

parlor, stores or oflices. These beds are fully patented, and no bed can be made 

like these in any essential respect, without infringing. 

I'xrlc©, froxxx $£SS.OO XJjd. 





No. I Bed Closed. 



No. I Bed Open. 



Wood Mantels. 

These Mantels are largely 
taking the place of marble. 
They are made plain or elab- 
orate, and in Modern or Me- 
diaeval styles. 




A. H. Andrews & Co., 

Manufacturers , 
196 & 197 Wabash Atc, 

CHICAGO. 



Andrews' Patent Parlor Folding Beds. 



20 Styles. 

This, the most elegant, 
comfortable, and com- 
pact of all FOLDING 
BEDS, is now attract- 
ing much attention. 
The product of 15 years 
study and experience ! 




No. 1. Bed Open. 



This Bed occupies, folded, only 22 inches space. All the bed- 
ding with mattress and pillows folds up out of sight instantly, with no 
injury to the mattress. The bed is ready for use, as shown in cut, 
when let down. It is not moved out from the wall at all as required 
by some beds that fold. Is placed on casters and easily moved from 
one room to another. It can be utilized during the day, as the top 
will receive oi'naments, vases, etc., like a mantel. Some styles have 
book-cases, others mirrors, making a complete dressing case; others 
have drawers with mirror, like bureaus. Others like cut, have a 
writing desk attachment. 

These beds are adapted not only to private dwellings, but pecu- 
liarly so to boarding schools where only one room can be used. 

Any one interested should send for illustrated Catalogue direct to 
the manufacturers, 

A. H. Andrews & Co., 

195 and 197 Wabash Ave., Chicag^o. 



WEBSTER'S UNABRIDGED. 



Yhe following, from Webster, page 11G4, shows 
the value of its illustrative definitions. 




1, flyingjib; 2, jib; 3, fore-top-mast'Stay sail; 
4, fore-(30urse ; 5, foretop sail; 6, foretop-gallant 
sail; 7, fore-royal ; 8, fore sky-sail; 9, fore-roy- 
al studding sail ; lO, foretop-gallant studding- 
sail ; 11, foretop-mast studding-sail ; 13, main- 
course; 13, maintopsail; 14, maintop-gallant 
sail ; 15, main-royal ; 16, main sky-sail ; 17, 
main royal studding-sail ; 18, main top-gallanl 
studding-sail ; 19, maintop-mast studding sail ; 
30, mizzen-eourse ; 21, mizzen-top sail; 33, 
mizzen-top-gallant sail; 33, mizzen-royal; 34, 
mizzen sky-sail ; 35, mizzen-spanker. 

The pictures in Webster under the 13 words, 
Beef, Boiler, Castle, Column, Eye, Horse, 
Moldings, Phrenology, Ravelin, Ships, 
(pages 1164 and 1219) Steam engine, Tim- 
bers, define 343 words and terms far better 
than they could be defined in words. 



The Latest Edition 

Has 118,000 Words, (3000 more 

than any other English Dictionary,) 

Four Pages Colored Plates, 3000 

Engravings, (nearly three times the number 

in any other Dictionary,) also contains a 

BiograpMcal Dictionary 

giving brief important facts concerning 
Over 9700 Noted Persons. 

GET THE BEST. 

It is the best practical English dictionaey 
EXTANT. — London Quarterly Review. 

The Courts look to it as of the highest au- 
thority in all questions of definitions. — Mokbison 
R. Waite, Chiej' Justice U. S. Supreme Court. 

GET THE STANDARD, 

WEBSTER'S is the Dictionary used ^nj^^ 
in Govern't Printing Office. 1882. \Y 
Every State purchase of Dictionaries TPI 
for Schools has been of Webster. JCi 
Books in the Public Schools of theTJ 
U. S. are mainly based on Webster. J^ 
Sale of Webster's is over 20 times the QJ 
sale of any other series of Diet's. ^) 

THIRTY-TWO THOUSAND have been put m 
in the public schools ot the U. S. JL 

Each new edition has become more and T< 
more The Standard. e Xd 

Recommended by State Supt's Schools in ^^ 
36 States, and 50 College Pres'ts Xmi 
IS IT NOT THE STANDARD? 
G. & C. MERRIAWI & CO., Pub'rs, Springfield, Mass 



Blymyer Manufacturing Co. Bells 
For Churches, Fire Alarms and Schools. 

Our bells are cast from a com- 
posite metal — in part steel — used 
only by ourselves, and are entirely 
different from all other bells. The 
price is much less than that of the 
copper and tin bells. They are 
warranted for 2 years. They are 
fine toned, can be heard as far as 
copper and tin bells of same size, 
and are equally durable. 

Our Bell Catalogue, with full 
description and prices, and 1,500 
testimonials from the States, Ter- 
ritories, and Canada, sent free on 
application. 

A. H. Andrews & Co., Chicago. 
Blymyer Manufacturing Co., Cincinnati, 0. 




MONROE'S 
PRIMARY READING-CHARTS. 



A Treasure for Primary Teachers. 



Tlie tasTc of teaching and learning to read is made easy and delightful 
by the use of 3Ionroe's Primary Reading-Cliarts. We have no hesitation 
in announcing these Charts as the most useful, practical and economical of all 
the means yet devised for teaching the first steps in reading. 

They save time ; they save money ; 
They save wear and tear of teachers' nerves. 

Tliey may be used as an introduction to any series of reading^hooks, 

being so arranged that they admit the use of either the '' Phonic," "Word" 
or ''Alphabetic 3TetJiod." They are, however, most effective when taught on 
the Phonic plan, as they are made up entirely of phonic words, carefully graded 
and printed in the ordinary form of type. 

Full and Explicit Directions are given on the margin of the Charts, so 
that the most inexperienced teacher may understand how to use them. One 
chief excellence of the lessons is that it is almost itnjtossible to use them in 
the humdrum, drawling style. The thoughts are natural, and their expres- 
sion so easy that they almost " say themselves" in a sprightly and animated 
tone, such as should alone be permitted in the reading of little children. 

Tlie Cliarts comprise 50 numbers, 25 ^30 inches in size. They are 
beautifully printed on Manilla Parchment paper (stronger and more 
durable than pasteboard) with large, clear type made expressly for the 
purpose, and illustrated with pictures drawn with special adaptation to the 
lessons. They are mounted in the most convenient form for practical use. 

A Single Set will do Service for Several Years. 



Price, per Set, - . - $ 10.00. 



Something New ^ Practical 

For Teaching Young Pupils 
How to Use the English Language. 

Introduction. 
HOW TO TALK, - - - . . 42 cts. 

HOW TO WHITE, ----- 7;^ cts. 

These two books, prepared by W. B. Powell, A. M., Supt. of Schools 
Aurora, 111., are the result of many years of successful effort in training children 
to talk and write correctly. Their purpose is to guide the young learner in the 
correct use of language at the time when he is acquiring a vocabulary and forming 
habits of speech. 

Tlie Business-Standard Copy-Books. 

Primary Course, Nos. 1, 2, S, per dozen, $ .84 

Common School Course, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, " 1.20 

Business Forms, No. 5, - - - ~ 1.20 

Printed from Steel Plates. Giving the Business-Standard forms of the letters 
in correct and clear copies. No flourishes ; no complicated system of analysis. 
Nearly twenty per cent, more writing space thanany other copy-book. Duplicate 
copy in middle of each page. 

PARKER'S ARITHMETICAL CHARTS. 

Prepared by Francis W. Parker, 

Supervisor of Public Schools-, Boston ; formerly Suft. of Schools, ^uincy, Mass. 

These Charts present the latest and best methods of teaching beginners in 
Arithmetic, and wherever used will render unnecessary the ordinary text-books 
in Priinary Arithmetic, thus saving both time and expense. 

The Charts comprise 50 numbers printed on manilla parchment paper 
25x30 inches in size, and boimd in the same manner as Monroe's Reading Charts. 

Price, per Set of 60 Nos. S6.C0 ; Back Frame, or Easel, 60 Cents. 

Monroe's Supplementary Readers. 

Introdnction. 

Monroe's New Primer, _ _ «, 15 cts. 

Monroe's Advanced First Header, - - - 20 cts. 

Monroe's Advanced Second Reader, - - SO cts. 

Monroe's Advanced Third Header, - - - 42 cts. 

Monroe's Readers have been for the past eight years the leading series before 
the public, and are almost unanimously acknowledged by disinterested parties to 
be the best series published. We frankly say that we do not know how to 
improve the original series as text-books from -which to teach Reading. 

There is, however, a growing demand for more reading-matter in the lower 
grades and classes, and to meet this demand, Monroe's Advanced or Sup- 
plementary Readers have been prepared by Mrs. Lewis B. Monroe, who 
wrote the lower books of the original series. 



Specimen copies of the above named books, and our other publications will be 
mailed on receipt of the Introductory Price, which will be refunded if the books 
are either adopted or returned. Send for descriptive Catalogue. 

Cowperthwait & Co., Publishers. 

F. S. BELDEN, Western Manager, 

153 Wabash Ave., Chicago. 



SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, DWELLINGS, &c. 

The Most 

Successful 

Fresh Air 

HEATERS 

Are 




Tbe Coluiubiu. 



The "RUBY" MPRovED.-For Coal. 

"PEARL."-SELF.FEE»...C0al. 

"COLUMBIA."-Wood. 

"CRYSTAL."-Wood & Coal. 



PlPEi 

Couah\ 




Manufactured by 



FULLER & 
WARREN 
COMPANY 



86 Lake Street^ 

CHICAGO. 
E^=Send for CIRCULARS Free. 



Tike Rnbj SmproTed. 



Kellogg, Johnson & Bliss, 



Wholesale and Retail Dealers in 



Builders' Hardware, 

Cutlery and Tools, 

Randolph Street. CIIICiGO, ILLS. 



While we deal in all grades of BUILDERS' HARDWARE, 
we make a specialty of the finer class of goods suitable for 

fine dwellings and public building's. 

Send specifications for prices. Can send samples when 
desired. 

We carry a large stock of Russell & Erwln's, and P. & 
F. Corbin's fine Plated, Bronze and Nickel and Gold Door and 
Window Trimmings. 

American, Russian and Italian Sash Cords. 

Agents for Richards' Patent Hanging Door Sheaves, American 
and Union Spring Hinges ; also, a fine stock of Cabinet Hardware. 

Customers may depend on getting as low prices as though 
they came in person to buy. 

iW Correspondence Solicited. 



XSAGH DAY 



Adds to the popularity of the 



u 



GREAT ROCK ISLAND ROUTE. 



n 



The fact that it is the most direct, speedy and com- 
fortable route between the EAST and WEST; that its Rolling 
Stock is superb, consisting of 



'p Chippewa Jails ^^tevens :Point\ "^ 

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Magnificent Day Coaches, 

Horton Reclining Chair Cars , 

Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars , 

And the world-famous Dining Cars; 

That all its principal connections are made in Grand Union Depots, and that it 
tickets and checks baggage to all points, keeps it in the lead, and the favorite line 
with those who travel either on business or for pleasure. 

Its "ALBERT LEA ROUTE" to Minneapolis and St. Paul, 

Passing through the most picturesque portions of Illinois, Iowa and Minnesota, 
receives the patronage of all lovers of the beautiful. Get a Time-Table and Map 
and examine carefullv. 



n. M. CABLE, 

Vice-Prest. and Gen'l Manager. 



E. ST. JOUK, 

Gen'l Ticket and Pass, Agent. 




No. 10. 30 Inch, Library Globe, $200.00, 



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OOBBSESOS. > V *1.,<P*»'*- 

tlBRARY BINDING ^ ^ ♦VQiK/fe'~« 






ST. AUGUSTINE «,*^ ^ . 



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